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A permanent Account Number (aka PAN) is a unique 10-digit code assigned to eligible taxpayers by the Income Tax Department. This 10-digit code entails both alphabets and numbers. The PAN system lets a tax authority keep track of taxpayers and their finances that fall under the tax regime. All the tax-based details of the taxpayer are recorded against an assigned PAN number.
Since PAN entails a unique code, it is assigned on an individual basis- meaning no two people can have a single PAN.
The allocation of PAN to an entity leads to a grant of a PAN card issued by the IT department. This card highlights key taxpayer information such as name, DOB, and father’s or spouse’s name. Plus, it has a taxpayer’s photograph.
The PAN card can serve as legit evidence in most government-based licenses and registration. It helps authorities affirm the applicant’s identity or DOB. Your PAN card does not have a limited validity.
On March 28, 2023, the Finance Ministry announced the extension of the deadline for PAN-Aadhaar linking till June 30, 2023. The citizens are required to complete this undertaking on the IT department portal and against a fee of Rs 1000.
If someone missed this extended deadline, their PAN shall become non-functional. But, it can be reactivated within 30 days upon intimation of the Aadhaar to the competent authority.
PAN cards are accorded to various entities falling under the tax regime. This is what serves as a ground for PAN classification. The following types of PAN are available in the status quo:
PAN Cards issued to individuals carry information like name, DOB, signature, issuance date, etc. PAN issued to entities does not have the photograph or signature.
PAN Card is accorded by the Income Tax (aka IT) Department with the assistance of recognized district-level PAN agencies, Protean eGov Technologies Limited, and UTI Infrastructure Technology and Services Limited.
There are many TIN-facilitation and PAN centers pan India that work under Protean eGov Technologies Ltd and let users secure their PAN.
The process concerning PAN facilitation operates on a model called PPP (Public Private Partnership). This model helps with the seamless processing and management of PAN applications.
Securing a PAN card is an absolute mandate for taxpayers because it helps tax authorities to keep eye on your cash flow. PAN lets taxpayers pay taxes, receive tax refunds, and have correspondence with the IT department. PAN continues to remain a mandatory gateway to execute a large number of fiscal transactions.
The card holders can also use a PAN card as an identity proof to serve various purposes such as applying for a license or enrollment for a specific course or opening a demand account.
TAN (aka Tax Deduction and Collection Account Number) refers to a 10-digit number issued to taxpayers and entities who collect and deduct tax on payments made as a part of TDS falling under the IT Act. Taxpayers need to quote it while applying for TDS challans made to dispense the refund and certificates. Failing to do so can incur a monetary penalty.
TIN (aka Taxpayer Identification Number), on the contrary, is an 11-digit number that establishes dealers’ identity falling under the VAT regime. Granted on a state-wise basis, it is mandatory for eligible taxpayers (be it an entity or a trader, or a dealer) to secure a TIN. This number is essentially found on invoices, orders, or quotations.
There is an offline mode as well to serve this purpose. In this mode, the applicant needs to visit the district-level PAN agencies to apply for a PAN.
The PAN card holders can make changes in their PAN as and when required. The tax authority also issues a duplicate PAN card in case the cardholder lost their original PAN.
The following are the different forms for PAN card application filing:
Form 49A serves as an application to apply for a new PAN. Indian taxpayers and NRIs (including NGOs, companies, trusts, local bodies, etc) must fill out this form.
Form 49AA is needed to file by overseas nationals and entities. These forms are required to be submitted to the Income Tax PAN Services Unit along with some mandatory paperwork.
The tax authority provides the applicant with an acknowledgment number to track the application progress or status, be it a grant of a new PAN or authorizing changes made to the existing PAN.
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Filing a PAN card application also requires the submission of mandatory paperwork, which goes along with Form 49A or 49AA. The section below shows the list of Documents that one must share with authority without fail.
Agreement copy or registration number accorded by the Charity Commissioner or Registrar of Co-operative Society.
The section below entails the online process to apply for a brand new PAN card:
Step 1: Visit the NSDL portal and choose the application type
Step 2: Select an apt category
Step 3: Enter your name, DOB, and contact details in the relevant field.
Step 4: Read and accept the terms and conditions
Step 5: Complete the Captcha verification and hit the Submit button.
Step 6: The new page shall prompt on your screen. Here you will come across an acknowledgment number.
Step 7: On the next window, enter the apt information.
Step 8: Lastly, upload the paperwork (as discussed in the next section) and complete the payment formalities concerning an application fee.
Following are the detailed steps that will let you apply for a PAN card in an offline mode:
You will be provided with an acknowledgment number which will help you track the application progress.
Those who have lost their PAN card for any reason can apply for a duplicate one in the following way:
In such a case, you will be required to follow the given steps carefully:
PAN opens a doorway to e-KYC, which has become a primary and the most secure way of establishing an identity of a customer. Countless service providers use this method of customer vetting in the status quo.
In essence, the e-KYC via PAN renders the following benefits:
With a PAN in place, you can provide a service provider with the required details at blazing speed. This can pave the way for quicker processing.
Since PAN e-KYV requires no paper, it enables seamless management of details and paperwork.
With PAN e-KYC, whatever data is shared between the concerned parties stays authentic and secured.
PAN e-KYC mitigates the scope of third-party intervention or breaches thanks to the encrypted channel. That means data during transit shall remain safe no matter the situation. And without the parties’ consent, no data shall be transferred. However, for successful e-KYC, PAN should be linked with your Aadhaar.
You can undergo the following steps to track the PAN application and its progress through the specified portals:
As an applicant, you need to pay attention to the following facts to avert any chance of application rejection:
Obtaining a Permanent account number is one of those legalities that taxpayers cannot overlook. It is because doing so can lead them to the zone where stringent penalties would come into effect. That is why qualified taxpayers must obtain the PAN as soon as possible.
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In such a case, heavy penalties shall be imposed on the defaulter, which includes the imposition of a heavy tax rate, preventing defaulters from buying automobiles or immovable property worth over Rs 10 lacs.
As an individual applicant, you need to arrange the following necessary papers.
The offline method to apply for PAN involves various steps including visiting the NSDL portal, downloading Form 49A, and filling and sending the form to the competent authority along with the DD and mandatory paperwork.
Securing PAN adds to the credibility of the taxpayers because PAN card holders’ cash flow remains transparent in the eyes of the tax authority. Also, it helps apply for various government registration and license since it serves as identity proof.
A PAN card entails a 10-digit code that helps taxpayers stay under the radar of tax authorities and file tax returns.
Some common Documents include the following:
PAN comes with lifetime validity.
In such a case, a penalty worth Rs 10000 shall be imposed on the defaulter.
This possibility is quite rare since each PAN entails an alphanumeric code. However, if somehow you managed to secure two PAN cards, Rs 10000 penalties shall be levied by the authority.
Yes, and not doing so can boost the TDS rate up to 20 percent or more.
At present, no facility is there that ensures emergency allotment of PAN.
First, visit the NSDL portal and then file an online application that helps with PAN card correction. Once done, head to the payment section and submit the fee. The authority shall process your application in a couple of days.
30 June is the last date for the PAN-Aadhaar linking and it can be done on the IT department portal.
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Written by Aarya Pokharel. Last updated on Nov 11 2025, 09:46 PM
Aarya Pokharel brings 3 years of solid experience in legal research and compliance. Her expertise spans tax filing, secretarial compliances, and advisory services, with a strong focus on delivering precise legal research and strategic advisory support.
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