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Extended Producer Responsibility, or EPR, was first introduced in 1988 in Sweden. Since then, the concept of EPR has evolved in a multidimensional manner, encompassing the unique waste management requirements of different countries. In India, the EPR regime has significantly transformed the waste management framework in the field of plastic packaging waste, e-waste, tyre waste and hazardous waste such as battery waste.
India's EPR framework focuses on end-of-life waste management, EPR Target Fulfilment and compliance requirements in the abovementioned sector. It encourages manufacturers and recyclers to adopt sustainable manufacturing, recycling, disposal, and co-processing practices while promoting a circular economy between the production and recycling sectors.
EPR Targets are recycling targets that are assigned to identified producers (manufacturers, importers, brand owners). These targets are usually defined as a percentage of the Eligible Quantity that the entity has to recycle, and the targets are increased gradually. EPR targets are assigned after the successful registration for EPR and subsequently after the successful annual return submission on the EPR portal.
India has actively tried to improve its waste management policies from a way back. We are a party to the Basel Convention and a signatory to international conventions like the Stockholm Convention (2006) and the Rotterdam Convention that addresses the idea of shared responsibilities among the participating countries.
However, a need to develop a defined process for reusability and recyclability in the waste management sector led to the evolution of EPR. The Polluter's Pays principle on which the EPR Policy emerged shifted the burden of waste management from municipalities to the producers (manufacturers) and importers of the product.
The provisions regarding EPR Target Fulfilment were notified under the different waste management rules separately for business entities in all the identified sectors, along with the provision of EPR certificate trading among registered entities. EPR Target Fulfilment obligations require a producer to take responsibility for the product's entire lifecycle they put on the market, including their disposal.
Although the required Documents may vary depending on the category in which EPR authorisation is desired, here is a list of some common Documents that are needed at the time of online EPR registration.
Producers, Importers and Brand Owners (PIBOs) that introduce products in plastic packaging are made responsible for the management of packaging waste generated.
PIBOs, as well as the plastic waste processors (engaged in recycling plastic waste or involved in waste to energy, waste to oil, and industrial composting), are the entities identified under the PWM Rules 2016 that need EPR registration.
PIBOs, after obtaining EPR authorisation on the CPCB's centralised EPR portal, have the option of managing their EPR Targets through their waste collection/distribution channels or Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) or with the assistance of any Waste Management Agencies (WMAs). Apart from EPR Target Fulfilment, other obligations of PIBOs include
For FY 2023-24, the EPR Target is set to 100 % of the eligible quantity (Q), which is calculated by the following equation:
|
For Producer |
For Importer |
For Brand Owner |
|
Q= (A+ B) - C |
Q= (A+ B) - C |
Q= (D+ B) |
Note:
If your business introduces any product in plastic packaging in the plastic categories, namely rigid, multi-layered, flexible or compostable plastic, the EPR Target fulfilment will have to be done under the specific category only.
However, if the PIBO cannot fulfil their targets, they can purchase EPR certificates from registered recyclers, co-processors and Plastic Waste Processors with the assistance of Corpbiz, which has a pan-India network of registered recyclers, co-processors and PWPs.
The updated E-Waste Management Rules define the rules and recycling modalities related to EPR Target fulfilment for Manufacturers, producers and importers of EEE. Schedule 1 of the E-Waste Management Rules, 2022 outlines the electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) category, including their components, consumables, parts and spares that invite EPR.
The manufacturers of the electronic devices, along with dealers or refurbishers who intend to sell refurbished EEE in the market, were introduced as additional stakeholders that need EPR registration and fulfil their recycling targets. Schedule III of the rules defines the E-Waste Recycling Target (by weight) that is applicable from 2023-24 onwards on producers, manufacturers and importers of EEE.
Under the E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2022, the producers will have to achieve the recycling target generated annually by the CPCB's EPR portal for E-waste. Also, as a part of EPR Target Fulfilment, producers must submit an annual report on the portal concerning their target fulfilment.
|
Year |
EPR Targets |
|
2023 -2024 |
60% of the EEE quantity placed in the market in year Y-X, ('X' denotes the average life of the product). |
|
2024 -2025 |
60% of the EEE quantity placed in the market in year Y-X. |
|
2025 -2026 |
70% of the EEE quantity placed in the market in year Y-X. |
|
2026-2027 |
70% of the EEE quantity placed in the market in year Y-X,' |
|
2027-2028 |
80% of the EEE quantity placed in the market in year Y-X |
|
2028-2029 onwards |
80% of the EEE quantity placed in the market in year Y-X. |
However, the EPR targets producers who have started sales operations recently, and the number of years of sales operations in their case is less than the average life of their products mentioned in the guidelines issued by CPCB from time to time, will have different targets.
Once the number of years of sales operation equals the average life of the product mentioned in the guidelines issued by CPCB, their EPR obligation will be similar to the rest of the producers, as mentioned in the above table. The table below shows the targets of producers who have started sales operations recently.
|
Year |
E-Waste Recycling Target (by weight ) |
|
2023-2024 |
15% of the sales figure of the financial year 2021-22 |
|
2024-2025 |
20% of the sales figure of the financial year 2022-23 |
|
2025-2026 onwards |
20% of the sales figure of the financial year two years back |
The Hazardous and Other Wastes Amendment Rules, 2022, lays down the responsibilities of producers, recyclers, and re-treaders for environmentally sound management and disposal of waste tyres by introducing EPR obligations for waste tyre management.
A centralised EPR portal developed by the CPCB for this purpose acts as the single point data repository for identified stakeholders in tyre manufacturing, import and recycling/retreading. The utilisation and management of waste tyres will be in accordance with the Schedule IX of the HOWM (Amendment) Rules, 2022.
EPR obligations imposed under the Amendment Rules 2022 have been bifurcated based on the entity registering on the CPCB portal.
The EPR obligations have been set as per the table below
|
Sr. No. |
Year |
Waste Tyre Recycling Target in Weight (Kilogram or Tons) |
|
(i) |
EPR obligation of the year 2022-2023 (the year in which this Schedule comes into force) |
35% of the quantity of new manufactured or tyres imported in the year 2020-2021 |
|
(ii) |
EPR obligation for the year 2023-2024 |
70% of the quantity of new manufactured or tyres imported in the year 2021-2022 |
|
(iii) |
EPR obligation of the year 2024-2025 |
100% of the quantity of new manufactured or tyres imported in the year 2022-2023. |
|
(iv) |
After the year 2024-2025 (year Y), the EPR obligation will be 100% of the quantity of tyres manufactured or imported in the year (Y-2). |
|
|
(v) |
For units established after the 1st April, 2022, the EPR obligation shall start after two years (Y) and will be 100% of the tyres manufactured or imported in the year (Y-2). |
|
The EPR obligation for waste tyre importers in the current year will be 100% of the weight of tyres imported in the previous year. Also, the import of waste tyres for the purpose of producing pyrolysis oil or char has been prohibited.
Retreading of waste tyres has been allowed. However, the retreader will have to get registered on the portal to issue retreading certificates.
MoEF&CC published the Battery Waste (Management ) Rules 2022 in suppression of the Batteries Rules of 2001 for managing hazardous Battery waste. The Rules have defined EPR modalities related to battery waste management through collective efforts of Producers, Battery importers, and recyclers, refurbishers involved in the handling of 'end-of-life Batteries.
The Rules focus on setting up a centralised portal for stakeholders' registration and introducing recycling targets. Producers may also engage themselves or authorise any other entity to collect, recycle or refurbish waste batteries. Entities involved in the refurbishment and recycling of Waste Battery when registered will be allowed to provide EPR certificates for waste battery processing.
When we say recycling targets concerning batteries, we mean the maximum recovery target under the Battery Waste Management Rules, 2022. As these are subject to the percentage of non-recoverable hazardous material content in the battery, the EPR targets would mean the recovery target in percentage form.
The following table shows the EPR Targets for different types of batteries identified under the Battery Waste Management Rules, 2022.
|
Type of Battery |
Recovery target for the year in percentage |
||
|
Portable |
70 |
80 |
90 |
|
Automotive |
55 |
60 |
60 |
|
Industrial |
55 |
60 |
60 |
|
Electric Vehicle |
70 |
80 |
90 |
Written by Aarya Pokharel. Last updated on Nov 11 2025, 09:46 PM
Aarya Pokharel brings 3 years of solid experience in legal research and compliance. Her expertise spans tax filing, secretarial compliances, and advisory services, with a strong focus on delivering precise legal research and strategic advisory support.
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