{"id":57137,"date":"2023-05-24T18:55:56","date_gmt":"2023-05-24T13:25:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/?p=57137"},"modified":"2023-05-24T18:55:57","modified_gmt":"2023-05-24T13:25:57","slug":"the-role-of-ipr-in-the-protection-of-biodiversity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/the-role-of-ipr-in-the-protection-of-biodiversity\/","title":{"rendered":"The Role of IPR in the Protection of Biodiversity"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>The\nworld is increasingly interconnected, and biological diversity is a critical\nfactor in the survival and prosperity of all living organisms. It serves as the\nfoundation of sustainable development by ensuring that crucial ecological\nprocesses such as pollination and nutrient cycling can continue. However, the\ncurrent legal system for Intellectual Property Rights has created a structure\nthat incentivizes seed development, monoculture, and the protection of\nbiodiversity that is protection of new plant varieties,\nmicroorganisms, and genetically modified organisms for commercial purposes.\nThis approach can harm biodiversity by promoting the exploitation of biogenetic\nresources, which are primarily located in developing countries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/basics-of-intellectual-property-rights\/\">Intellectual Property Rights<\/a><\/strong> laws enable the patenting of genes and organisms, which allows companies to own the rights to specific genetic resources. Companies then use these patents to control the production and sale of products derived from these genetic resources, leading to the monopolization of seed production, resulting in monoculture. Monoculture, in turn, limits biodiversity as it reduces the number of plant varieties cultivated in a given area. This, in turn, affects the local ecosystem, disrupts vital ecological processes, and increases the risk of plant diseases and pests.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The commercialization of genetic resources and\nthe resulting monoculture also have adverse social and economic impacts on\nfarmers and communities in developing countries. They lose control over the\nresources they rely on for their livelihoods and food security. It can also\nlead to the loss of traditional knowledge and practices for sustainable\nagriculture, which have been passed down through generations. Therefore, the\ncurrent system of Intellectual Property Rights needs to be re-evaluated to\nensure that it does not hinder biodiversity conservation or the development of\nsustainable agriculture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"cursor:pointer\">Page Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/the-role-of-ipr-in-the-protection-of-biodiversity\/#Biodiversity\" >Biodiversity<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/the-role-of-ipr-in-the-protection-of-biodiversity\/#UN_Convention_on_Biological_Diversity_CBD\" >UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/the-role-of-ipr-in-the-protection-of-biodiversity\/#Biological_Diversity_Act_2002\" >Biological Diversity Act, 2002<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/the-role-of-ipr-in-the-protection-of-biodiversity\/#Traditional_Knowledge\" >Traditional Knowledge<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/the-role-of-ipr-in-the-protection-of-biodiversity\/#Traditional_Knowledge_Digital_Library\" >Traditional Knowledge Digital Library<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/the-role-of-ipr-in-the-protection-of-biodiversity\/#Impact_of_Intellectual_Property_Rights_on_Biodiversity\" >Impact of Intellectual Property Rights on Biodiversity<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/the-role-of-ipr-in-the-protection-of-biodiversity\/#History_of_IPR_and_Biodiversity\" >History of IPR and Biodiversity<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/the-role-of-ipr-in-the-protection-of-biodiversity\/#Intellectual_Property_Rights_Legislations_to_Protect_Biodiversity\" >Intellectual Property Rights Legislations to Protect Biodiversity<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/the-role-of-ipr-in-the-protection-of-biodiversity\/#The_Relationship_between_IPR_and_Biodiversity\" >The Relationship between IPR and Biodiversity<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/the-role-of-ipr-in-the-protection-of-biodiversity\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Biodiversity\"><\/span>Biodiversity<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Article\n27(3) of the TRIPS agreement grants countries the option to obtain a patent for\na new plant variety or create a sui generis law to protect the plant or its\nmodifications and obtain a patent for the modified plant. The International\nUnion for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV), or Union\nInternationale pour la Protection des Obtentions Vegetables, was established in\n1961 in Paris to provide intellectual property protection for new plant\nvarieties. This convention aims to promote the development of new plant\nvarieties for the benefit of society by incentivizing plant breeders through\nintellectual property protection of biodiversity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To\nprotect farmers&#8217; rights, the Indian government enacted the protection of\nbiodiversity that is Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers&#8217; Rights Act in\n2001. This legislation protects plant varieties and farmers, encourages the development\nand cultivation of new plant varieties, and ensures traditional, rural, and\ntribal communities receive compensation and benefits. Additionally, it\nsafeguards the traditional rights of farmers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The\nBiological Diversity Act of India outlines the meaning of biological resources\nand biodiversity as the variety among living organisms, their multiple cells,\nand the ecological complexes they are part of, including diversity within\nspecies and between ecosystem species. Unlike other sustainability issues,\nbiodiversity is vital for sustainable development because its loss is\nirreversible. The extinction of one species in one region can result in\ncascading extinctions worldwide. Biodiversity conservation is essential as we\nrely on it for food supplies and medicines. 82% of plant species currently\ncontribute to about 90% of India&#8217;s per capita food plant supply. Additionally,\naround 80% of the world&#8217;s population uses traditional medical systems, which\ndepend on biodiversity. Therefore, the protection of biodiversity is crucial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"UN_Convention_on_Biological_Diversity_CBD\"><\/span>UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The\nRio De Janeiro Convention was signed in June 1992 and took effect on December\n29, 1993. The convention has 196 member parties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Biological_Diversity_Act_2002\"><\/span>Biological Diversity Act, 2002<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>This\nlegislation was created to fulfill the Convention on Biological Diversity\nobligations. The convention aims to ensure that local communities receive a\nfair share of the benefits of conserving biological resources. The legislation\nalso governs the acquisition and dissemination of knowledge related to\nbiological resources. It provides protection of biodiversity\nand rehabilitation for species. Violations of this legislation, or\n&#8220;biopiracy,&#8221; are subject to punishment under Section 58 of <strong>the Biological\nDiversity Act of 2002<\/strong><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.indiacode.nic.in\/bitstream\/123456789\/2046\/1\/200318.pdf\"><strong>[1]<\/strong><\/a><\/sup>. The punishment for violation may include\nimprisonment for up to five years or a fine of up to 10 lakhs, and in severe\ncases where damages exceed the fine, the penalty can be higher than 10 lakhs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Traditional_Knowledge\"><\/span>Traditional Knowledge<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Article\n8(j) of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) deals with the issue of\ntraditional knowledge. The contracting parties have committed to safeguarding\nand maintaining indigenous and local communities\u2019 knowledge, innovations, and\npractices relevant to sustainable use. Traditional knowledge is often found in\nrural areas, where people use ancient remedies and formulas for medicinal\npurposes. Traditional knowledge is a vital source of income in developing\ncountries, as it is often more affordable than modern alternatives like\nAyurveda, Siddha medicine, Unani medicine, and yoga. Traditional knowledge\nencompasses a wide range of knowledge domains, including agricultural,\nscientific, technical, ecological, and medicinal knowledge related to\nbiodiversity. Protecting and promoting traditional knowledge is crucial for\npreserving the culture, livelihoods, and sustainable development of indigenous\nand local communities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Traditional_Knowledge_Digital_Library\"><\/span>Traditional Knowledge Digital Library<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Collaboration\nbetween AYUSH (Ayurvedic, Yoga &amp; Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha &amp;\nHomeopathy) and CSIR (Council of Scientific &amp; Industrial Research) led to a\ndatabase in 2001 for traditional medicine systems in India such as Ayurveda,\nSiddha, Unani, yoga, and others. This database aimed to convert ancient texts\ninto 34 million A4-sized pages with attached patents in English, French,\nGerman, Japanese, and Spanish.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Studies\nin India have shown that around 2,000 patents are granted annually for Indian\nmedicine systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Impact_of_Intellectual_Property_Rights_on_Biodiversity\"><\/span>Impact of Intellectual Property Rights on Biodiversity<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The\nstandards for granting plant variety protection of biodiversity\nlaws enable breeders to safeguard varieties with similar features, resulting in\na system prioritizing commercial factors like product differentiation and\nplanned obsolescence rather than actual improvements in the plant&#8217;s\nagricultural traits. Furthermore, the rules for uniformity in UPOV-like systems\nexclude the native varieties that farmers cultivate, which are genetically\ndiverse and less stable. However, these characteristics make these varieties\nmore flexible and well-matched to the agricultural environments in which most\nimpoverished farmers operate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The\nbenefits of genetic diversity are uncertain and long-term. According to a\nreport by the Food and Agriculture Organization, most of our calorie intake comes\nfrom only 20 cultivated crops, mostly from developing countries. As a result,\nthey are more vulnerable to pests and diseases and require genetic diversity to\nsurvive. Unfortunately, it is believed that a significant amount of the genetic\nvariability in our food plants has been lost in the 21st century. Therefore,\npreserving and developing existing crop diversity is a global concern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To\nachieve effective biodiversity conservation and development, there needs to be\na collaboration between formal innovation and community frameworks. Encouraging\ntechnology transfer and inclusive participation in research and development\nthrough policy is critical. This requires poor farmers and rural people to have\ncontrol over genetic resources, while the formal system must make institutional\nand policy changes to preserve biodiversity. Ultimately, the goal is to enhance\nthe quality of human life by preserving biodiversity and promoting innovation\nin biogenetic resources.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"History_of_IPR_and_Biodiversity\"><\/span>History of IPR and Biodiversity<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The\nUK was the first country to use biodiversity as a commodity, primarily to\nobtain high-quality seeds for agricultural production. This led to the business\nof selling registered seeds, and the government incentivized innovation in this\nsector by rewarding those who further improved the seeds. As a result, Plant\nBreeder&#8217;s Rights (PBR) were established to commercialize genetic resources. For\nmore than 60 years, developed countries have employed Plant Breeder&#8217;s Rights\n(PBR) to create various types of plants. The International Union for the\nProtection of New Varieties (UPOV) was formed in Geneva in 1969 to coordinate\nthe implementation of PBRs between countries. The Convention also established\nthe eligibility criteria for new varieties to be protected under the\nConvention. The International Union for the protection of\nbiodiversity that is Protection of New Varieties (UPOV) set out three\nconditions that must be met by new plant varieties seeking protection under the\nConvention. The first condition is that the variety must be entirely distinct\nfrom already known varieties. The second condition is that the new variety\nshould be uniform, homogeneous, and stable. Lastly, the variety should not have\nbeen commercially exploited before the date of application for protection\nof\nbiodiversity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Furthermore,\nin addition to establishing the UPOV Convention, some countries have also\nutilized patents to protect genetically modified organisms (GMOs). The USA, in\nparticular, was the first country to patent an engineered bacterial strain in\n1972, created by Dr. Ananda Mohan Chakrabarty, an Indian microbiologist. The\nadvancement of biotechnologies has allowed for the identification and\ncommercial use of exotic genetic resources, significantly impacting the\ndevelopment of Intellectual Property Rights regimes worldwide. The increased\ncommercialization of biogenetic resources and research and development for\nobtaining Intellectual Property Rights will ultimately determine the future of\nglobal biodiversity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>India\nis recognized as one of the 12 mega diversity centers worldwide, possessing 167\ncrop species, 320 wild crops, and several species of domesticated animals. It\nis considered a hub for the origin of various plant and animal species and is\namong the top ten nations in its contributions to global agriculture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Intellectual_Property_Rights_Legislations_to_Protect_Biodiversity\"><\/span>Intellectual Property Rights Legislations to Protect Biodiversity<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Two\nmain Conventions deal with protection of biodiversity &#8211;\nTrade-Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) and Convention on Biological\nDiversity (CBD). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>India\nintroduced the Indian Patent Second Amendment Act in 2000 and the Biological\nDiversity Bill in 2002 to conform with the TRIPs and CBD.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These\nlegislations made microorganisms a patentable subject in India and increased\nthe patent term to 20 years for all products and processes. India has also\ninitiated the procedure to accede to the UPOV Convention, which implies that\nthe new plant varieties in India must have Plants Breeder Rights certification.\nDepositing biological material has also been incorporated to conform with the\nBudapest Treaty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Geographical\nindications (GIs) are a powerful tool in intellectual property law that can\nbenefit local communities by promoting their products, increasing their brand\nvalue, and creating a market for them. GIs are gaining traction worldwide and\nare increasingly seen as one of the most effective ways to identify and protect\nproducts derived from biodiversity. A GI is a sign or indication that\nidentifies the geographical origin of a product and links it with the qualities\nassociated with that particular place. For instance, the Allahabad Surkha, a\ndistinct and popular variety of guava grown in the Allahabad region of Uttar\nPradesh in India, is an agricultural product that can be recognized for its red\ncore and unique flavor. This variety of guava owes its diverse qualities to\nvarious geographical factors such as temperature, humidity, soil, and water,\nwhich are present in the region where it is grown.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Using\ngeographical indications (GIs) in marketing products has been a well-established\npractice in European countries, and it has proven successful for producers.\nExamples of superior products registered as GIs include Champagne, Scotch\nwhisky, Feta cheese, and Harris tweed. Any products made by local communities\nusing indigenous resources and traditional knowledge are eligible to be\nregistered as GIs. These products may include traditional foods, textiles,\nhandicrafts, and medicines. Registering a product as a GI can increase its\nmarket value and improve pricing for biocultural products. This controlled and\nefficient commercial utilization of biocultural products can lead to the\nsocio-economic empowerment of indigenous communities, which are critical to the\nbiodiversity system and will play a significant role in protecting it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Relationship_between_IPR_and_Biodiversity\"><\/span>The Relationship between IPR and Biodiversity<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The\ncurrent IPR regime promotes the commercialization of seed development,\nmonoculture, and protecting new plant varieties, microorganisms, and\ngenetically modified organisms, leading to the continuous depletion of rich\nbiodiversity. Therefore, there is a need for an alternative mechanism that can\nbalance the formal intellectual property systems and the sustainable aspects of\nbiodiversity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Although\ndeveloped nations do not possess significant genetic resources, they have\nadvanced research and development facilities to study biogenetic resources\nmainly obtained from underdeveloped countries. As a result, there is an\nunsecured flow of biogenetic data to developed nations. In contrast, genetic\ndata flows to the Global South through patents and Plant Breeder&#8217;s Rights,\nleading to visible and invisible effects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The\nbenefits of genetic diversity are difficult to predict and have long-term\neffects. According to a Food and Agriculture Organization report, 90% of our\ncalorie requirements come from only 20 cultivated crops originating from\ndeveloping countries. These crops are vulnerable to pests and diseases and rely\non genetic diversity. It is widely believed that a significant proportion of\nthe genetic variability of our food plants has been lost in the -21st century.\nTherefore, conserving and developing the existing crop diversity is of global\nconcern. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It is essential always to remember that preserving biodiversity and promoting innovation in biogenetic resources is ultimately aimed at improving the quality of human life. Before making any policy\u2019s changes or introducing new technologies, it is crucial to consider the potential impact on human existence. Failing to do it could result in serious consequences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"text-left\"><b>Read Our Article<\/b>: <mark style=\"background: #fffd03 !important;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-intellectual-property-rights\/\">Advantages And Disadvantages Of Intellectual Property Rights\n<\/a><\/mark><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The world is increasingly interconnected, and biological diversity is a critical factor in the survival and prosperity of all living organisms. It serves as the foundation of sustainable development by ensuring that crucial ecological processes such as pollination and nutrient cycling can continue. However, the current legal system for Intellectual Property Rights has created a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":74,"featured_media":57147,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[322],"tags":[3665],"acf":{"service_id":"441"},"authorName":"Maithli Jha","authorImageUrl":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/MicrosoftTeams-image-1-22.jpg","authorDescription":"Maithli is a final-year law student at Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University (GGSIPU) with a keen interest in emerging legal fields. She is committed to constantly learning and utilizing her theoretical knowledge in practical ways within the field of law.","postViews":4097,"readingTime":8,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57137"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/74"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=57137"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57137\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":57139,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57137\/revisions\/57139"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/57147"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=57137"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=57137"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=57137"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}