{"id":56252,"date":"2023-05-04T16:29:46","date_gmt":"2023-05-04T10:59:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/?p=56252"},"modified":"2023-07-15T14:19:05","modified_gmt":"2023-07-15T08:49:05","slug":"origin-and-meaning-of-public-interest-litigation-in-india","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/origin-and-meaning-of-public-interest-litigation-in-india\/","title":{"rendered":"Origin and Meaning of Public Interest Litigation in India"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Public\nInterest Litigation is a powerful tool that has been successfully used in India\nto bring about positive change in society. Public Interest Litigation, commonly\nknown as PIL, is a legal mechanism that allows any citizen or organisation to\nfile a case in court on behalf of an individual or group of individuals and\nseek legal remedies for public interest issues. Unlike traditional litigation,\nwhich resolves disputes between two parties, PIL is a type of litigation\nfocused on larger societal issues that affect the public at large.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"cursor:pointer\">Page Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/origin-and-meaning-of-public-interest-litigation-in-india\/#Origin_and_Evolution_of_PIL\" >Origin and Evolution of PIL<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/origin-and-meaning-of-public-interest-litigation-in-india\/#Concept_of_PIL\" >Concept of PIL<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/origin-and-meaning-of-public-interest-litigation-in-india\/#Legal_Aspects_of_PIL\" >Legal Aspects of PIL<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/origin-and-meaning-of-public-interest-litigation-in-india\/#Role_of_PIL\" >Role of PIL<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/origin-and-meaning-of-public-interest-litigation-in-india\/#Landmark_Case_Laws\" >Landmark Case Laws<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/origin-and-meaning-of-public-interest-litigation-in-india\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Origin_and_Evolution_of_PIL\"><\/span>Origin and Evolution of PIL<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The\norigin of PIL can be traced back to the 1960s in the United States, where it\nwas first introduced as a means to provide legal aid to underprivileged\nsections of society. PIL not only provided legal aid to the poor but also\nhelped raise public awareness on various social issues. Several nations have\nadopted this idea, though with some variations in its application.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In\nIndia, the concept of PIL was first introduced in the case of Hussainara\nKhatoon vs. the State of Bihar in 1979. In this case, a group of lawyers filed\na case on behalf of several undertrial prisoners who had been in jail for over\nfive years without any trial. The court took up the case and passed a landmark\njudgement, ordering the release of all undertrial prisoners who had been\nlanguishing in jail for several years without trial. This judgement gave a new\ndimension to the concept of PIL in India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>After\nthe Hussainara Khatoon case, PIL became a powerful tool for public interest\nlitigation in India. PIL opened up new avenues for citizens to directly\napproach the court for redressal of their grievances. PIL has been used\nsuccessfully in India in several cases related to environmental protection,\nprotection of human rights, women\u2019s rights, and judicial reforms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The\nSupreme Court&#8217;s relaxation of the standing requirements has also made filing\nPILs easier in India. Normally, only a person who is directly and personally\naffected by a legal dispute can file a case in court. But in PIL cases, a\nperson who has no direct stake in the dispute can also approach the court if he\nor she believes that the dispute affects the public at large.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>PIL\nhas been seen as a means of empowering the powerless and giving voice to\nmarginalised groups. It has allowed individuals to seek justice against\npowerful corporations or government entities. It has also been seen as a way to\nhold the government accountable for its actions or inactions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The\nimpact of PIL on Indian law has been significant. PIL has led to the\ndevelopment of new laws and policies to address various social, economic, and\nenvironmental issues. It has also been used to challenge the constitutional\nvalidity of certain laws or government actions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In\naddition to PIL, Indian law also recognises the rights of individuals to pursue\nlegal action for their personal grievances. The right to access justice is\nenshrined in the Constitution of India and is a fundamental right. Individual\nrights can be enforced through various legal mechanisms, such as civil suits,\ncriminal complaints, or appeals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Concept_of_PIL\"><\/span>Concept of PIL<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The\nconcept of PIL was introduced in India to ensure that justice is accessible to\nevery citizen of the country, irrespective of their socio-economic status. It\nallows any person or organisation to raise issues that require immediate\nattention and provide legal remedies for them. This means that any person,\nwhether rich or poor, can approach the courts to protect the interests of the\npublic at large, even if they do not have a direct personal interest in the\nmatter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The\nconcept of individual rights is particularly important in India, given its\ndiverse and complex social fabric. Individual rights can be seen as a means of\nprotecting the rights of individuals who belong to minority groups or who face\ndiscrimination or social exclusion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The\nmeaning of public interest litigation is quite broad and encompasses a wide\nrange of issues. PIL can be filed in matters related to pollution,\nenvironmental degradation, public health, human rights, consumer protection,\nwomen\u2019s rights, and many other issues that affect the common people. The\nobjective of PIL is to ensure that the rights of the people are protected and\ntheir grievances are redressed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Despite\nthe positive impact of PIL, there are also concerns about its misuse. Some PILs\nare seen as frivolous or motivated by personal gain rather than the public interest.\nThere are also concerns about the increasing number of PILs filed, which can\nlead to the clogging of the judicial system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One\nof the primary objectives of PIL is to provide access to justice for the poor\nand marginalised sections of society who cannot afford to hire a lawyer or\napproach the courts due to financial constraints. PIL has helped to address\nvarious issues related to human rights violations, environmental degradation,\nand other social issues that affect the poor and marginalised sections of\nsociety.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Another\nsignificant advantage of PIL is that it provides a platform for citizens to\nparticipate in the legal system and engage with issues that are important to\nthem. PIL has helped to create awareness among the public about their rights\nand encouraged them to participate in the legal system to seek justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The\nSupreme Court of India has played a vital role in establishing the concept of\nPIL in India. The court has widened the scope of public interest litigation,\nand many landmark judgements have been passed through PIL. The court has also\nintroduced the concept of \u2018continuing mandamus\u2019, which means that the court can\ndirect the government to take action on an issue and monitor the progress of\nthe same until the issue is resolved.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Legal_Aspects_of_PIL\"><\/span>Legal Aspects of PIL<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The\nlegal system in India provides various provisions and Acts for filing public\ninterest litigation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Constitution of India<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The\nIndian Constitution provides various provisions that enable citizens to file\npublic interest litigation, primarily under Part III of the Constitution, which\nis dedicated entirely to Fundamental Rights. This part of the constitution was\nincluded to ensure that the citizens are provided with certain basic rights\nthat the government is obligated to protect. Some of the fundamental rights\nthat citizens can use to file PILs include the right to life and personal\nliberty, the right to equality and equal protection of laws, and the right to\nfreedom of speech and expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Code of Civil Procedure, 1908<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The\nCode of Civil Procedure, 1908 (CPC) has given a significant role to Public\nInterest Litigation. The mechanism for filing Public Interest Litigation under\nthe CPC is known as &#8220;representative suits.&#8221; According to Section 12\nof the CPC, any person can file a suit on behalf of others as well as for their\nown benefit. The representative party must have a direct interest in the suit,\nand the accounts of the parties must be actively different. In cases where the\nsuit application is frivolous, vexatious, or where the object of the suit is\nunlawful, the court may not permit the suit to proceed. The court also has the\npower to permit the withdrawal of the suit if it is not in the public interest\nto proceed with it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Public Interest Litigation Techniques Act, 1986<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The\nPublic Interest Litigation Techniques Act, of 1986 was enacted to make PILs\nmore extensive and effective in India. According to this Act, a person who is\nnot a party to the proceedings can express any opinion, intervene, or\nparticipate in the proceedings. The Act also limits the expenses and fees that\ncan be incurred in public interest litigation. This provision was included to\nensure that the cost of litigation in public interest cases does not become a\nbarrier for any individual or group seeking justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The\nLegal Services Authorities Act of 1987 is another important piece of\nlegislation governing the filing of PILs in India. It provides for the\nestablishment of Legal Aid Committees to extend free legal aid to the weaker\nsections of society, including women, children, and those that belong to the\nmarginalised sections of society. The object of this legislation is to ensure\nthat public interest cases are not restricted to only those who can afford to\npay for legal representation but also to those who cannot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Indian Environmental Laws<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The\nIndian Environmental Laws, including the Water (Prevention and Control of\nPollution) Act, 1974, the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981,\nand the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, provide for various provisions that\nenable citizens to file PILs against violators of environmental laws. These\nacts further provide for penalties and fines for individuals and companies that\nviolate environmental laws.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Consumer Protection Act, 1986<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The\nConsumer Protection Act of 1986 also provides for the filing of public interest\nlitigation. This Act empowers consumers to file PILs against companies or\nindividuals who sell goods or services that are defective or unsafe. The Act\nprovides for a penalty for violators and further enables consumers to receive\ncompensation for damages suffered as a result of defective goods or services.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Right to Information Act, 2005<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>One\nof the most significant examples of individual rights in Indian law is the\nRight to Information Act of 2005. This Act allows individuals to access\ninformation held by public authorities and has been seen as a means of\npromoting transparency and accountability in government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Another example is <strong>the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act of 2005<\/strong><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.indiacode.nic.in\/bitstream\/123456789\/15436\/1\/protection_of_women_from_domestic_violence_act%2C_2005.pdf\"><strong>[1]<\/strong><\/a><\/sup>. This Act recognises the right of women to live free from violence and abuse and provides for a range of legal remedies and protections.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Role_of_PIL\"><\/span>Role of PIL<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Role of PIL in Protecting Fundamental Rights<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The\nConstitution of India guarantees fundamental rights to all citizens. The\nfundamental rights include the right to equality, the right to life and\npersonal liberty, the right to freedom of speech and expression, the right to\neducation, and the right to work. PIL has played a significant role in\nprotecting the fundamental rights of citizens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The\nlandmark judgment passed by the Supreme Court in the case of People\u2019s Union for\nCivil Liberties vs. Union of India, commonly known as the \u201cRight to Food\u201d case,\nis a classic example of how PIL can be used to protect fundamental rights. In\nthis case, the Supreme Court took suo moto cognizance of a newspaper report\nthat highlighted the high rates of malnutrition among children in the state of\nRajasthan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The\ncourt passed an order directing the government to provide food to the affected\nchildren and to implement various schemes to eradicate malnutrition. Following\nthe judgement, the government of India launched several initiatives, including\nthe Integrated Child Development Services, which has been successful in\nreducing malnutrition in the country. Thus, this judgement underscores the\npivotal role that PIL can play in securing the fundamental rights of citizens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Role of PIL in Environmental Protection<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>PIL\nhas played a significant role in environmental protection in India. The Supreme\nCourt has passed several landmark judgements in PIL cases related to\nenvironmental protection. The cases of Vellore Citizens Welfare Forum vs. Union\nof India and MC Mehta vs. Union of India are classic examples of how PIL can be\nused to protect the environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In\nthe Vellore Citizens Welfare Forum case, the Supreme Court passed a judgement\ndirecting the closure of several industrial units that were polluting the\nenvironment in the state of Tamil Nadu. In the MC Mehta case, the Supreme Court\npassed a judgement directing the closure of several polluting industries in\nDelhi and ordering the government to take measures to reduce vehicular\npollution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>PIL\nhas been instrumental in creating awareness among the public on environmental\nissues and has encouraged the government to adopt various measures for\nenvironmental protection. PIL has played an important role in the development\nof environmental jurisprudence in India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Role of PIL in Women\u2019s Rights<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>PIL\nhas been a powerful tool in protecting the rights of women in India. In several\ncases, PIL has been used to provide justice to women who have been subjected to\nviolence or discrimination. The Vishaka Guidelines, which provide guidelines\nfor preventing sexual harassment of women in the workplace, were the result of\na PIL filed in the Supreme Court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Landmark_Case_Laws\"><\/span>Landmark Case Laws<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hussainara Khatoon v. Home Secretary, State of Bihar<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/online-public-interest-litigation\"><strong>Public Interest Litigation<\/strong><\/a> (PIL) is a legal mechanism that enables individuals or NGOs to approach courts in order to address issues of public interest. PIL has gained significant attention in India since the 1980s, following the landmark case of Hussainara Khatoon v. Home Secretary, State of Bihar (AIR 1979 SC 1360). The case was filed on behalf of undertrial prisoners who had been languishing in jails for a prolonged period without any trial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In\nHussainara Khatoon, the Supreme Court of India treated the letter addressed by\nthe prisoners as a writ petition and held that the public interest litigation\ncould be filed by an individual or a group of individuals on behalf of the\nunderprivileged, exploited, or oppressed classes of society, who cannot\napproach courts for relieving their grievances.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">S. P. Gupta v. Union of India<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The\ndevelopment of PIL in India is primarily attributed to Justice P.N. Bhagwati,\nwho is considered the father of PIL. In the case of S. P. Gupta v. Union of\nIndia (AIR 1982 SC 149), Justice Bhagwati observed that PIL has become an\nimportant tool in the hands of public-spirited citizens for securing justice\nfor the disadvantaged and marginalised sections of society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In\nthis case, a PIL was filed in relation to the appointment of judges to the\nhigher judiciary by the Executive. In order to ensure judicial independence,\nthe Supreme Court stated that the Judicial Commission should be the body\nresponsible for appointing judges.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bandhua Mukti Morcha v. Union of India<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In\nthe case of Bandhua Mukti Morcha v. Union of India (AIR 1984 SC 802), Justice\nBhagwati stated that the concept of PIL has opened the doors of the court to\nthe poor and the downtrodden sections of society who cannot afford to approach\nthe courts for justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This\ncase was filed on behalf of the bonded labourers who were working in brick\nkilns in Uttar Pradesh. The Supreme Court issued guidelines for the effective\nimplementation of the Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act, 1976, so as to\nimprove the condition of bonded labourers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">MC Mehta v. Union of India<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>This\ncase was filed in relation to the pollution caused by industries in the river\nGanga. The Supreme Court issued directions for the protection and preservation\nof the river Ganga, including the closure of polluting industries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">People&#8217;s Union for Democratic Rights v. Union of India<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>This\ncase was filed in relation to the custodial deaths of undertrial prisoners in\nthe jails of Delhi. The Supreme Court issued guidelines on the treatment of\nprisoners in custody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vishaka v. State of Rajasthan<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>This\ncase was filed in relation to the sexual harassment of women at the workplace.\nThe Supreme Court issued guidelines for the prevention and redressal of sexual\nharassment at the workplace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Olga Tellis v. Bombay Municipal Corporation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>This\ncase was filed in relation to the eviction of pavement dwellers in Mumbai. The\nSupreme Court held that the right to life under Article 21 of the Constitution\nincludes the right to livelihood and ordered the authorities to provide\nalternative accommodations to the pavement dwellers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In conclusion, Public Interest Litigation has proven to be an effective tool for the protection of the rights and interests of Indian citizens. The Indian legal system has put in place various provisions and acts that enable citizens to use PILs effectively. It is important that citizens who believe their rights have been infringed upon or who wish to protect the greater public interest understand these provisions and seek legal recourse. Ultimately, this will ensure that the rule of law prevails and ensure the protection of all citizens. Thus, public interest litigation has played a significant role in bringing social justice and legal reform to India. It has provided access to justice for the poor and marginalised sections of society and created awareness among the public about their rights. PIL has become an indispensable tool for addressing issues that affect the common people, and it has helped to bring about a positive change in society. However, there is a need to ensure that the concept of a PIL is not misused and that it is filed with the genuine intention of seeking justice and protecting the interests of the public at large.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"text-left\"><b>Read Our Article<\/b>: <mark style=\"background: #fffd03 !important;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/public-interest-litigation-for-an-individual\/\">Public Interest Litigation For An Individual<\/a><\/mark><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Public Interest Litigation is a powerful tool that has been successfully used in India to bring about positive change in society. Public Interest Litigation, commonly known as PIL, is a legal mechanism that allows any citizen or organisation to file a case in court on behalf of an individual or group of individuals and seek [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":76,"featured_media":56254,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[272],"tags":[442],"acf":{"service_id":"220"},"authorName":"Anju S Nair","authorImageUrl":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/MicrosoftTeams-image-35.jpg","authorDescription":"Anju S Nair is a final year law student at Al-Azhar Law College, Kerala. She was post graduated in English Language and Literature from Mahatma Gandhi University. She was awarded the Certificate of Achievement in Women's Leadership from Career Development College in London. She worked as a research intern at the All India Human Rights Association (AIHRA) and as a legal intern at the Chambers of Senior Advocate Pradeep Rai, Vice President of the Supreme Court Bar Association. She is a hardworking and dedicated person whose area of interest lies in corporate law.","postViews":12494,"readingTime":10,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56252"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/76"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=56252"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56252\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":58830,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56252\/revisions\/58830"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/56254"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=56252"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=56252"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=56252"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}