{"id":56244,"date":"2023-05-04T15:58:01","date_gmt":"2023-05-04T10:28:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/?p=56244"},"modified":"2023-07-15T14:18:35","modified_gmt":"2023-07-15T08:48:35","slug":"public-interest-litigation-for-an-individual","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/public-interest-litigation-for-an-individual\/","title":{"rendered":"Public Interest Litigation for an Individual"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Public Interest\nLitigation (PIL) is a tool used in Indian law to allow a group or individual to\nfile a case in the interest of the public at large. PIL has been recognized as\nan important tool for activating the judicial system for cases that otherwise\nmight not be brought to the attention of the court. It also allows for the\npromotion of the public interest and the enforcement of the rule of law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The concept of PIL\noriginated in the United States in the 1960s and was brought to India in the\n1980s. In India, PIL has been used to address a wide range of issues in various\nareas of law, such as environmental law, human rights law, consumer protection\nlaw, and labour law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The filing of PILs has\nalso been made easier in India by the Supreme Court\u2019s relaxation of the rules\nof standing. Normally, only a person who is directly and personally affected by\na legal dispute can file a case in court. But in PIL cases, a person who has no\ndirect stake in the dispute can also approach the court if he or she believes\nthat the dispute affects the public at large.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>PIL has been seen as a\nmeans of empowering the powerless and giving voice to marginalized groups. It\nhas allowed individuals to seek justice against powerful corporations or\ngovernment entities. It has also been seen as a way to hold the government\naccountable for its actions or inactions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The impact of PIL on\nIndian law has been significant. PIL has led to the development of new laws and\npolicies to address various social, economic, and environmental issues. It has\nalso been used to challenge the constitutional validity of certain laws or\ngovernment actions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/online-public-interest-litigation\">Public Interest Litigation<\/a><\/strong> is a powerful tool that has been used successfully in India to bring a positive change in society. Public Interest Litigation, commonly known as PIL, is a legal mechanism that allows any citizen or organization to file a case in court on behalf of an individual or group of individuals and seeks legal remedies for public interest issues. Unlike traditional litigation, which resolves disputes between two parties, PIL is a type of litigation focused on larger societal issues that affect the public at large.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The concept of Public\nInterest Litigation has gained significant popularity and has been used\nextensively in India since the 1980s. PIL has played a crucial role in the\ndevelopment of human rights and the protection of fundamental rights in India.\nThe primary objective of PIL is to safeguard the interest of the public or a\nparticular community, which cannot approach the court of law due to their\nsocial or economic status.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The purpose of this\nresearch essay is to analyse the concept of Public Interest Litigation for an\nindividual in the aspects of Indian law. We will discuss the origin and\nevolution of PIL and its role in protecting the rights and interests of the\nunderprivileged and marginalized sections of society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"cursor:pointer\">Page Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/public-interest-litigation-for-an-individual\/#Origin_and_Evolution_of_PIL\" >Origin and Evolution of PIL<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/public-interest-litigation-for-an-individual\/#Role_of_PIL_in_Protecting_Fundamental_Rights\" >Role of PIL in Protecting Fundamental Rights<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/public-interest-litigation-for-an-individual\/#Role_of_PIL_in_Environmental_Protection\" >Role of PIL in Environmental Protection<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/public-interest-litigation-for-an-individual\/#Role_of_PIL_in_Womens_Rights\" >Role of PIL in Women\u2019s Rights<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/public-interest-litigation-for-an-individual\/#Important_Aspects_of_PIL_for_an_Individual_in_Indian_Law\" >Important Aspects of PIL for an Individual in Indian Law<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/public-interest-litigation-for-an-individual\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Origin_and_Evolution_of_PIL\"><\/span>Origin and Evolution of PIL<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The origin of PIL can be\ntraced back to the 1960s in the United States, where it was first introduced as\na means to provide legal aid to underprivileged sections of society. PIL not\nonly provided legal aid to the poor but also helped in raising public awareness\non various social issues. This concept has been adopted by several countries\nwith some variations in its application.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In India, the concept of\nPIL was first introduced in the case of <strong>Hussainara\nKhatoon vs. State of Bihar in 1979<\/strong>. In this case, a group of lawyers filed\na case on behalf of several undertrial prisoners, who had been in jail for over\nfive years without any trial. The court took up the case and passed a landmark\njudgment, ordering the release of all undertrial prisoners who had been\nlanguishing in jail for several years without trial. This judgment gave a new\ndimension to the concept of PIL in India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>After the <strong>Hussainara Khatoon case<\/strong>, PIL became a\npowerful tool for public interest litigation in India. PIL opened up new\navenues for citizens to directly approach the court for redressal of their\ngrievances. PIL has been used successfully in India in several cases related to\nenvironmental protection, protection of human rights, women rights, and\njudicial reforms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Role_of_PIL_in_Protecting_Fundamental_Rights\"><\/span>Role of PIL in Protecting Fundamental Rights<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Constitution of India\nguarantees fundamental rights to all citizens. The fundamental rights include\nthe right to equality, the right to life and personal liberty, the right to\nfreedom of speech and expression, the right to education, and the right to\nwork. PIL has played a significant role in protecting the fundamental rights of\ncitizens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The landmark judgment\npassed by the Supreme Court in the case of People\u2019s <strong>Union for Civil Liberties vs. Union of India<\/strong>, commonly known as the\n<strong>&#8220;Right to Food&#8221;<\/strong> case, is a\nclassic example of how PIL can be used to protect fundamental rights. In this\ncase, the Supreme Court took suo moto cognizance of a newspaper report that\nhighlighted the high rates of malnutrition among children in the state of\nRajasthan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The court passed an order\ndirecting the government to provide food to the affected children and to\nimplement various schemes to eradicate malnutrition. Following the judgment,\nthe government of India launched several initiatives, including the Integrated\nChild Development Services, which has been successful in reducing malnutrition\nin the country. Thus, this judgment underscores the pivotal role that PIL can\nplay in securing the fundamental rights of citizens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Role_of_PIL_in_Environmental_Protection\"><\/span>Role of PIL in Environmental Protection<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>PIL has played a\nsignificant role in environmental protection in India. The Supreme Court has\npassed several landmark judgments in PIL cases related to environmental\nprotection. The cases of Vellore Citizens Welfare Forum vs. Union of India and\nMC Mehta vs. Union of India are classic examples of how PIL can be used to\nprotect the environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the Vellore Citizens\nWelfare Forum case, the Supreme Court passed a judgment directing the closure\nof several industrial units that were polluting the environment in the state of\nTamil Nadu. In the MC Mehta case, the Supreme Court passed a judgment directing\nthe closure of several polluting industries in Delhi and ordering the\ngovernment to take measures to reduce vehicular pollution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>PIL has been instrumental\nin creating awareness among the public on environmental issues, and has\nencouraged the government to adopt various measures for environmental protection.\nPIL has played an important role in the development of environmental\njurisprudence in India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Role_of_PIL_in_Womens_Rights\"><\/span>Role of PIL in Women\u2019s Rights<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>PIL has been a powerful\ntool in protecting the rights of women in India. In several cases, PIL has been\nused to provide justice to women who have been subjected to violence or\ndiscrimination. The Vishaka Guidelines, which provide guidelines for preventing\nsexual harassment of women at the workplace, were the result of a PIL filed in\nthe Supreme Court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One of the most famous\nexamples of PIL in India is the MC Mehta v Union of India case, also known as\nthe Oleum Gas Leak case. In this case, the Supreme Court of India recognized\nthe right to a healthy and pollution-free environment as a fundamental right\nunder <strong>Article 21<\/strong> of the Constitution\nof India. This case led to the strengthening of India\u2019s environmental laws and\nregulations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Another example is the <strong>Vishakha v. State of Rajasthan<\/strong> case,\nwhich led to the development of the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace\n(Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013. This case was filed by a\ngroup of NGOs and women\u2019s rights activists in response to the gang rape of a\nsocial worker in Rajasthan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Important_Aspects_of_PIL_for_an_Individual_in_Indian_Law\"><\/span>Important Aspects of PIL for an Individual in Indian Law<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table table table-bordered\"><table><tbody><tr><td>\n  <strong>Aspect<\/strong>\n  <\/td><td>\n  <strong>Explanation<\/strong>\n  <strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  Who can file\n  <\/td><td>\n  An\n  individual, group of individuals or NGOs can file PIL\n  &nbsp;\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  Nature of the case\n  <\/td><td>\n  The\n  case must be related to the public interest or larger societal good\n  &nbsp;\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  Jurisdiction\n  <\/td><td>\n  Can\n  be filed in any court, but generally in High Courts and Supreme Court\n  &nbsp;\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  Cost of filing\n  <\/td><td>\n  PIL\n  can be filed free of cost or with nominal fees\n  &nbsp;\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  Relief sought\n  <\/td><td>\n  The\n  relief sought in PIL is for the public, not for the person filing the case\n  &nbsp;\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  Procedure\n  <\/td><td>\n  The\n  court has discretion to take up the case, and may even appoint a lawyer to\n  represent the public interest\n  &nbsp;\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  Role of court\n  <\/td><td>\n  The\n  court acts as the guardian of the public interest and ensures justice is done\n  &nbsp;\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  Impact\n  <\/td><td>\n  PILs\n  have played a crucial role in bringing social reform, protecting human rights\n  and environmental issues, and promoting public accountability\n  &nbsp;\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  Challenges\n  <\/td><td>\n  PILs\n  also face challenges such as frivolous cases, misuse of the process, and lack\n  of accountability of the petitioner\n  &nbsp;\n  <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The roots of PIL can be\nfound in the Constitution of India, which guarantees the Fundamental Rights\nunder Part III and provides for the protection of these rights conferred by the\nConstitution. The Constitution of India also provides a framework for the\ngovernment&#8217;s duties to promote the welfare of the people and promote the social\njustice system. PIL is an essential instrument under <strong>Article 32 of the Constitution<\/strong>, which provides a mechanism for\nindividuals to approach the Supreme Court for the enforcement of Fundamental\nRights.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One of the primary\nobjectives of PIL is to democratize the legal process by widening the scope of\naccess to justice. PIL helps enable social action groups, and public-spirited\nindividuals challenge arbitrary government action and enforce statutory duties.\nIn several cases, the courts have used PIL to provide relief to the\ndisadvantaged and marginalized sections of society. PIL has played a crucial\nrole in ensuring the right to education, the right to information, and the\nright to health. It has also become a crucial tool in environmental protection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Individuals can file PILs\nwith the court to address issues of public concern. These can be issues\ninvolving a violation of fundamental rights, discrimination against people\nbased on their caste, sex, religion, or any other grounds, or issues that\ndeprive people of their basic necessities. The Supreme Court has interpreted\nthe right to life under <strong>Article 21 of\nthe Indian Constitution<\/strong> to include the right to dignity, the right to\nlivelihood, and the right to access to health, education, and basic\nnecessities. PIL has been helpful in the enforcement of these rights.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>PIL has had several\nsuccess stories in Indian law. One of the most famous cases in India is the\nVishakha Case, where a group of female activists and NGOs filed a PIL before\nthe Supreme Court, highlighting the issue of sexual harassment in the\nworkplace. This PIL led the Supreme Court to lay down guidelines for preventing\nsexual harassment at the workplace, known as the Vishakha Guidelines. The\nguidelines mandated the creation of a committee to handle complaints of sexual\nharassment and established procedures to address such complaints. This judgment\nmade India the first country in South Asia to have legal provisions against\nsexual harassment, and it inspired other countries to follow suit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Another landmark case is\nthe <strong>Bandhua Mukti Morcha v. Union of\nIndia<\/strong>, where a PIL was filed by an NGO seeking to secure the release of\nbonded labourer\u2019s. The Supreme Court passed a judgment that recognized bonded labour\nas a form of slavery and declared it unconstitutional. The judgment directed\nthe government to provide rehabilitation and compensation to the victims of\nbonded labour. The <strong>Bandhua Mukti Morcha<\/strong>\njudgment marked a turning point in the Indian labour law and recognized the\nrights of millions of labourer\u2019s who were often forced into bonded labour\nthrough deception.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Despite these success\nstories, PIL has also been criticized for encouraging judicial activism and\ninterfering with policy decisions. PILs often focus on individual cases, which\nmay not have wider implications for society. Such cases can result in judicial\noverreach, which could undermine the authority of the democratic process. There\nhave also been instances where individuals and NGOs have filed PILs for\npersonal gain or publicity. In such cases, the judiciary must exercise caution\nand take measures to ensure that PILs are filed in good faith.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Indian judiciary has\nrecognized the importance of ensuring that PILs are not misused. There are\nwell-defined guidelines for filing a PIL. These guidelines ensure that the PIL\nis well-written, supported by relevant facts and figures, and does not promote\na personal agenda. The judiciary also opts for the principle of <strong>&#8220;pro bono publico,&#8221;<\/strong> which\nmeans that the costs of filing a PIL are borne by the petitioner and not the\nstate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Furthermore, the\njudiciary has also laid down the <strong>&#8220;Locus\nStandi&#8221;<\/strong> principle, which means that a petitioner must have a\nsufficient interest in the matter to appear before the court. PIL allows\npublic-spirited individuals, NGOs, and social activists to act as a watch guard\nof democracy and bring the executive to account. PIL acts as a supplement to\nthe efforts that government or other bodies may be making to strengthen the\nrule of law or implement policies to protect their citizens&#8217; interests.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Despite the positive\nimpact of PIL, there are also concerns about its misuse. Some PILs are seen as\nfrivolous or motivated by personal gain rather than the public interest. There are\nalso concerns about the increasing number of PILs filed, which can lead to the\nclogging of the judicial system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In addition to PIL,\nIndian law also recognizes the rights of individuals to pursue legal action for\ntheir personal grievances. The right to access justice is enshrined in the\nConstitution of India and is a fundamental right. Individual rights can be\nenforced through various legal mechanisms, such as civil suits, criminal\ncomplaints or appeals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The concept of individual\nrights is particularly important in India given its diverse and complex social\nfabric. Individual rights can be seen as a means of protecting the rights of\nindividuals who belong to minority groups or who face discrimination or social\nexclusion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One of the most\nsignificant examples of individual rights in Indian law is <strong>the Right to Information Act, of 2005<\/strong><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/rti.gov.in\/RTI%20Act,%202005%20(Amended)-English%20Version.pdf\"><strong>[1]<\/strong><\/a><\/sup>.\nThis Act allows individuals to access information held by public authorities\nand has been seen as a means of promoting transparency and accountability in\ngovernment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Another example is the\nProtection of Women from <strong>Domestic\nViolence Act, of 2005<\/strong>. This Act recognizes the right of women to live free\nfrom violence and abuse and provides for a range of legal remedies and\nprotections.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Despite the recognition\nof individual rights in Indian law, there are also concerns about their\nenforcement. Many individuals in India, particularly those from disadvantaged\nbackgrounds, face significant barriers in accessing justice. These barriers\ninclude the cost of legal proceedings, the length of time it takes for cases to\nbe heard and the lack of legal aid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The concepts of PIL and individual rights are important components of Indian law. PIL allows for the promotion of the public interest and accountability of government, while individual rights are a means of protecting the rights of individuals who are marginalized or discriminated against. However, there are also concerns about the abuse of PIL and the barriers faced by individuals in accessing justice. Therefore, there is a need to balance the promotion of public interest with the protection of individual rights in Indian law. Thus, PIL has been a critical instrument in addressing the violation of individual rights in India. The judiciary has played a crucial role in promoting social justice and ensuring that the government is accountable for its actions. PIL has helped provide the marginalized and vulnerable people of India with basic necessities and essential human rights. PIL has restored the faith of the common man in the judiciary, and people now have a sense that their voices are being heard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"text-left\"><b>Read Our Article<\/b>: <mark style=\"background: #fffd03 !important;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/public-interest-litigation-pil\/\">Public Interest Litigation (PIL): Things You Need To Know<\/a><\/mark><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Public Interest Litigation (PIL) is a tool used in Indian law to allow a group or individual to file a case in the interest of the public at large. PIL has been recognized as an important tool for activating the judicial system for cases that otherwise might not be brought to the attention of the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":76,"featured_media":56247,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[272],"tags":[3562],"acf":{"service_id":"220"},"authorName":"Anju S Nair","authorImageUrl":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/MicrosoftTeams-image-35.jpg","authorDescription":"Anju S Nair is a final year law student at Al-Azhar Law College, Kerala. She was post graduated in English Language and Literature from Mahatma Gandhi University. She was awarded the Certificate of Achievement in Women's Leadership from Career Development College in London. She worked as a research intern at the All India Human Rights Association (AIHRA) and as a legal intern at the Chambers of Senior Advocate Pradeep Rai, Vice President of the Supreme Court Bar Association. She is a hardworking and dedicated person whose area of interest lies in corporate law.","postViews":2618,"readingTime":9,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56244"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/76"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=56244"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56244\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":58829,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56244\/revisions\/58829"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/56247"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=56244"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=56244"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=56244"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}