{"id":56127,"date":"2023-05-02T15:48:12","date_gmt":"2023-05-02T10:18:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/?p=56127"},"modified":"2023-05-02T15:48:14","modified_gmt":"2023-05-02T10:18:14","slug":"how-to-conduct-rehabilitation-resettlement-rr-during-sia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/how-to-conduct-rehabilitation-resettlement-rr-during-sia\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Conduct Rehabilitation &#038; Resettlement (R&#038;R) During SIA?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Development projects are important in many ways. Although they may create a significant change in the lives of locals, including the acquisition of their land, loss of livelihood and other issues that may not be rightly compensated, it also provides a lot of opportunities in terms of new jobs, improved sense of well-being and increase in prices of nearby property. R&amp;R during SIA forms a part of the EIA and EMP and is assessed and approved by the Expert Appraisal Committee or EAC under MoEF&amp;CC for according Environmental Clearance to the proposed project. Resettlement and rehabilitation are needed in case of land acquisition for a public or private project that displaces local residents, tenants, shops and other business establishments and causes loss of property and livelihoods.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land\nAcquisition is the process through which the government can acquire private\nland. This may include any other private property. It is done for the purpose\nof public work such as building infrastructure, urbanisation projects,\ndevelopment and industrialisation activities. Government can acquire land for\nprivate companies or firms to aid them in setting up factories or other industrial\nsetups. Although the purchase of land is an agreement between buyer and seller,\nwhere both parties are willing to enter into a contract, in the case of land\nAcquisition, the land owner has no choice. This is the reason right to property\nis a legal right, not a fundamental right.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"cursor:pointer\">Page Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/how-to-conduct-rehabilitation-resettlement-rr-during-sia\/#What_Is_An_R_R_During_SIA\" >What Is An R&amp;R During SIA?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/how-to-conduct-rehabilitation-resettlement-rr-during-sia\/#Focus_areas_of_R_R_during_SIA_Process\" >Focus areas of R&amp;R during SIA Process.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/how-to-conduct-rehabilitation-resettlement-rr-during-sia\/#Advantages_of_Conducting_Detailed_R_R_during_SIA\" >Advantages of Conducting Detailed R&amp;R during SIA<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/how-to-conduct-rehabilitation-resettlement-rr-during-sia\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Is_An_R_R_During_SIA\"><\/span>What Is An R&amp;R During SIA?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The R&amp;R Plan is prepared for the affected families or individuals that will be affected in the course of the project&#8217;s implementation. The plan focuses on baseline surveys, resettlement, socio-economic surveys, census surveys and social impact assessments. Analysis of regional and national data and development of frameworks for community participation and preparation of resettlement action plans for mitigating the negative impacts of development projects on the affected communities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For any new\nand upcoming projects, the compensation awarded for R&amp;R must be according\nto <strong>the RFCTLARR\nAct, 2013<\/strong><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.indiacode.nic.in\/bitstream\/123456789\/2121\/1\/A2013-30.pdf\"><strong>[1]<\/strong><\/a><\/sup>. The R&amp;R during SIA is implemented in association with\nthe State Governments concerned, representatives from project-affected families\nand other stakeholders in the project area. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Stages in Rehabilitation and Resettlement Planning<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>If the\ngovernment is of the opinion that large displacement will be caused, it will\ndeclare the area as an affected area under paragraph 6.1 of the R&amp;R policy,\n2007. An Administrator for R&amp;R during SIA will undertake the baseline\nsurvey and a recent census to identify the persons and families likely to be\naffected.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Analysis of Alternatives of Land Acquisition:<\/strong> The\nanticipated loss due to the project can be broadly categorised into loss of\nland assets and loss of non-land assets (built-up properties). The aim should\nbe to minimise any large-scale displacement. Apart from it, only the minimum\narea of land that commensurate with the purpose of the project should be acquired.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It is\nadvised that the project should be set up on wasteland, degraded land or\nun-irrigated land wherever possible. Acquisition of agricultural land for\nnon-agricultural use in the project may be kept to the minimum; multi-cropped\nland may be avoided to the extent possible for such &#8216;purposes, and acquisition\nof irrigated land, if unavoidable, may be kept to the minimum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Minimisation of Social Impacts: <\/strong>in case large numbers of families are affected as a part of R&amp;R during SIA, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/social-impact-assessment\">social impact assessments<\/a><\/strong> have to be conducted to provide all required infrastructural facilities and amenities in the resettlement area. More particularly, where the Scheduled Tribes people are being displaced in sizeable numbers, a well-thought-out Tribal Development Plan must be put in place.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Rehabilitation and Resettlement Issues<\/strong>: A\ndetailed socio-economic survey is conducted before formulating the R&amp;R Plan\nfor the project-affected families (PAFs) to assess the socio-economic and\nsocio-cultural setup of the affected families and local people.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Act\nproposes for R&amp;R during the SIA study is to map and estimate costs and\nbenefits to the people affected through the acquisition by addressing the\nconcerns of farmers and those whose livelihoods depend on the land being\nacquired while at the same time facilitating land acquisition for infrastructure\nproject and industrialisation in a timely and transparent manner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Community Consultation and Participation: <\/strong>In cases where both <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/environmental-impact-assessment-eia\">EIA<\/a><\/strong> and SIA are required, the public hearing done in the project-affected area for EIA shall also cover issues related to R&amp;R during SIA. Such public hearings shall be organised by the appropriate government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Mitigation Methods: <\/strong>&nbsp;In case of land being acquired, providing an\nalternative land of equivalent productive potential is subject to availability,\npreferably within the same village\/ panchayat or cash compensation in case the\nfamilies opt for it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Monitoring &amp; Evaluation:<\/strong> to\nensure that the affected families receive the Rehabilitation assistance (RA), Monitoring\n&amp; evaluation of the R&amp;R during SIA is also needed. The overall control\nof the formulation and execution of the rehabilitation and resettlement plan is\nvested in the Administrator for Rehabilitation and Resettlement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Focus_areas_of_R_R_during_SIA_Process\"><\/span>Focus areas of R&amp;R during SIA Process.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>During\nthe planning, the following stages must be considered<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Impact Categories used in R&amp;R<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Loss of Land (agricultural, homestead, commercial or otherwise)<\/li><li>Loss of Structure (house, shop, building or immovable property or assets attached to the land)<\/li><li>Loss of Residence<\/li><li>Loss of shop \/trade \/commercial structure<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Basic Amenities\nand Infrastructural Facilities in Settlement Site<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Planning and development of R&amp;R site for housing\nand other civic amenities such as approach road, drainage, water, electricity,\nsanitation etc., construction of community hall, sanitation and sewerage,\nreligious worship house, post office, panchayat ghar, school, fair price shop,\nmarket, playground, veterinary services, free treatment and medicines to the\noustees in the project<\/p>\n\n\n\n<table class=\"wp-block-table table table-bordered\"><tbody><tr><td>\n  <strong>For project-affected persons<\/strong>\n  <strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>\n  <\/td><td>\n  <strong>For village infrastructure<\/strong>\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  Construction of residential houses.\n  <\/td><td>\n  Development of grazing\n  land\n  &nbsp;\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  Construction of\n  sanitary latrine\n  <\/td><td>\n  Site development for\n  village land\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  Construction of granary\n  &nbsp;\n  <\/td><td>\n  Development of roads,\n  Providing power and water supply, construction of sanitation and sewerage\n  facilities etc.\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  Construction\/grant\n  of\/for cattle \/poultry sheds.\n  &nbsp;\n  <\/td><td>\n  Construction of school\n  building, religious worship place, construction of Community Hall,\n  Construction of Panchayat Ghar, Construction of post office building, Grant\n  for opening fair price shop\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  Agricultural\n  \/horticultural land\n  <\/td><td>\n  Medical facilities-\n  primary health centre, Veterinary services\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  Land development and\n  protection measures against sediment flow\n  <\/td><td>\n  Construction of\n  market, park and playground\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  Transportation\/displacement\n  grant\n  <\/td><td>   Preservation of historical monuments and biodiversity sites.   <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Economic Rehabilitation as a Part of R&amp;R during SIA<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>It is usually in the form of grants for Agricultural and Horticultural activities like Dairying, Poultry rearing, other farm animals or any other non-farm economic activities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The\nadministrator responsible for R&amp;R on behalf of the government may either\npurchase land from any person through consent award and enter into an agreement\nor approach the State Government for the acquisition of land for the purposes\nof R&amp;R during SIA while ensuring that the acquisition of land does not lead\nto another displaced families<strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In many cases, training on cultivation\nand management of soil and water conservation in hills and hill slopes, in\nterraced lands, selection of crops and varieties as well as other cultural practices\nfor better production, management and upkeep of livestock<strong>, <\/strong>weaving and designing, handicrafts\netc. is also given.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Public Hearing Requirements in R&amp;R during SIA<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The SPCB ensure\nthat a public hearing is held in the affected area after giving adequate\npublicity about the date, time and venue to ascertain the views of the affected\nfamilies during&nbsp; public hearing. It must\nbe recorded and included in the SIA Report.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Appraisal of SIA<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>SIA\nReport to be evaluated by an independent multidisciplinary Expert Group\nconsisting of two non-official social scientists, two representatives of\nPanchayat, Gram Sabha, Municipality or Municipal Corporation, two experts on\nrehabilitation and A technical expert in the subject relating to the project<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Advantages_of_Conducting_Detailed_R_R_during_SIA\"><\/span>Advantages of Conducting Detailed R&amp;R during SIA<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Identifying Affected Groups<\/li><li>Free and Fair information sharing<\/li><li>Avoiding Adverse Impacts<\/li><li>Enhancing Positive Impacts<\/li><li>Reducing Costs<\/li><li>Study areas in the Preliminary SIA study<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A Rehabilitation and Resettlement Policy must be developed as a part of the SIA study based on the changes that will be introduced by the proposed project in the future. The extent of land acquired and the structures to be lost by the project is an indicator of impact on the social environment. Based on the impact on the properties of the locals and the land required, the consultations, engineering, environmental and social team constructs the R&amp;R plan and propose to reduce and minimise the impact on those displaced. Therefore, the plight of those who have sacrificed their resources for the larger benefit of society should be given due importance as a part of the responsibility of the developers. The assistance of environmental consultants in R&amp;R during SIA can help the proponent device means to implement and protect the rights of the affected, build a positive reputation in the eyes of the general public, and reflect on their approach towards sustainable development.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"text-left\"><b>Read Our Article<\/b>: <mark style=\"background: #fffd03 !important;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/how-to-conduct-sia-in-india\/\">How To Conduct SIA In India: An Overview<\/a><\/mark><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Development projects are important in many ways. Although they may create a significant change in the lives of locals, including the acquisition of their land, loss of livelihood and other issues that may not be rightly compensated, it also provides a lot of opportunities in terms of new jobs, improved sense of well-being and increase [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":40,"featured_media":56128,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[3401],"tags":[3402],"acf":{"service_id":"655"},"authorName":"Shalin Verma","authorImageUrl":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/MicrosoftTeams-image-16.jpg","authorDescription":"Shalin is a Postgraduate in Applied Sciences from the University of Delhi with a specialisation in Wildlife Forensics. He has an in-depth knowledge of the environment domain and keen interest in curating informative content. Some of his research work includes research on environmental science and transboundary wildlife offences.","postViews":3425,"readingTime":5,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56127"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/40"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=56127"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56127\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":56130,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56127\/revisions\/56130"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/56128"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=56127"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=56127"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=56127"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}