{"id":53201,"date":"2023-03-10T14:05:07","date_gmt":"2023-03-10T08:35:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/?p=53201"},"modified":"2023-03-10T14:05:09","modified_gmt":"2023-03-10T08:35:09","slug":"difference-between-auditing-and-investigation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/difference-between-auditing-and-investigation\/","title":{"rendered":"Difference between Auditing and Investigation"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>The terms auditing and investigation are often\nwidely used in\naccounting with respect to a systematic examination of data.\nIt may seem that auditing and\ninvestigation are one and the same things. Although both of them are\nused in relation to examining data in accountancy, they differ in meaning,\nscope, purpose, method and the subject matter that they are used in connection\nto. Even though they may be\nsimilar in a few aspects, there are significant differences between the two.\nThe article aims to analyse the concepts on auditing and investigation and\ndelineate the major differences between Auditing and Investigation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"cursor:pointer\">Page Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/difference-between-auditing-and-investigation\/#What_is_Auditing_and_Investigation\" >What is Auditing and\nInvestigation?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/difference-between-auditing-and-investigation\/#Powers_and_Duties_of_Auditors_as_per_the_Companies_Act_2013\" >Powers and Duties of Auditors\nas per the Companies Act, 2013<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/difference-between-auditing-and-investigation\/#Auditing_and_Investigation_%E2%80%93_Differences\" >Auditing and Investigation &#8211; Differences<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/difference-between-auditing-and-investigation\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_Auditing_and_Investigation\"><\/span>What is Auditing and\nInvestigation?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Let\u2019s\ndiscuss the meaning of Auditing and Investigation:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Auditing<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The process of auditing refers to the methodical\nand authentic examination of the financial statements of an entity with a view\nto testing the financial accuracy and reliability of the statements and to\nassess whether the financial statements conform to the applicable laws,\nregulations and rules. Auditing involves analysing the accuracy of the accounting\ninformation to ensure that they follow the required standards. It is the\ncritical assessment and active verification of the accounting system of an\nentity. An audit is conducted by 3rd parties, which requires the involvement of\nexperts. The audit helps in weeding out fraudulent activities in the\norganisation and is thus conducted by external parties like the stakeholders or\nthe government. It involves the in-depth examination of the financial\nstatements of the organisation, the records of the economic activities of an\norganisation that includes net profit records, investment activities, and\nexpenditure, among other things. The primary purpose of conducting an audit is\nto look for any mistakes in the financial statements to ensure that they\nprovide an apt representation of the financial position of the entity. An\nauditor generally looks to understand whether the arrangement of the financial\ninformation has been made in accordance with acceptable accounting approaches\nand their application, whether necessary regulations are being followed, and\nwhether every aspect affecting the financials of an entity is unveiled in the\nfinancial statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The law that governs audits in India is the\nCompanies Act of 2013. The Companies Act of 2013 makes it mandatory for all\ncompanies in India to conduct audits. Any person who is a practising chartered\naccountant and is duly registered under the Chartered Accountants Act of 1949\nis eligible to be appointed as an auditor of a company as is provided in Section\n141 of the Companies Act for 2013. It also provides for the different types of audits\nthat are required to be conducted by a company. Audits can be carried out by auditors\nwho are externally appointed from outside the company or can also be appointed\nfrom among the employees of the company as is provided under Section 138 of the\nCompanies Act of 2013.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Companies Act places the onus on the\nmanagement of the company to conduct an internal audit as an independent\nservice to assess compliance with rules and regulations applicable to various\ninternal departments. An internal auditor shall examine the records, controls, methods\nand practices of a company. An internal audit is voluntary and is conducted at\nthe discretion of the company\u2019s management.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Companies Act further provides for\nstatutory audits which are conducted with the aim of checking the compliance of\na particular company to specific statutes and are conducted by external\nauditors. Statutory audits are mandatory for companies and it is instituted by\nthe shareholders, who are the owners of a company to whom the company reports to.\nStatutory auditors are required to be uninfluenced and independent of the\nmanagement of the company.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Investigation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Investigation refers to a process that is\nundertaken for a particular purpose with the aim of ascertaining a fact or discovering\nthe truth. For a business entity, investigation pertains to the examination of\nthe book of accounts in the history of transactions undertaken by the company.\nInvestigations are undertaken with the aim of revealing some truth or\nestablishing facts with the help of evidence. An investigation is an enquiry\nfor examination into the company\u2019s accounts with the purpose of collecting\ninformation and evidence with respect to the financial activities of an entity.\nThis involves finding out the truth and the facts of the activity rather than\nverifying how accurate the accounts are. There are various methods that are\nemployed by an investigating party during investigations and it includes search,\ninquiry, observations, inspection, and interrogations, among other things. An\ninvestigation is often considered a narrower form of auditing as it is confined\nto one particular purpose. Just like auditing, investigations are also carried\nout by exports and in accordance with the requisite standards of the\norganisation. Investigations are not compulsory and are not required to be\ncarried out by every organisation. An investigation has a predetermined purpose\nand scope and is often conducted by the investigator on behalf of any person\nwho wants certain information about a company. Investigations can be conducted\non behalf of any person who is not a part of the organisation yet but is\nseeking to join the same or is looking to purchase shares.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Investigations that are conducted in a business\nentity are governed by the Companies Act of 2013. Investigations regulated by\nlaw are carried out by inspectors that are appointed by the Central Government,\nwhich has the power to appoint such inspectors for investigation as is provided\nunder Section 210 of the Companies Act of 2013. Section 211 empowers the\ncentral government to institute a body called the serious fraud investigation\noffice or the SFIO to appoint a number of inspectors who shall conduct\ninvestigations with respect to fraud.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Section 217 of the Companies Act of 2013\nprovides for the procedure to conduct the investigation. After an inspector is\nappointed, she is empowered to conduct investigations into any arrangements or\ncircumstances that are relevant to the purpose of performing the investigation.\nIt is also within the power of the appointed inspectors to require the\nproduction and preservation of any or all documents or papers with respect to\nthe financial activities of the company, belonging from either before or after\nher appointment. The inspector also has the power to conduct investigations\nalong with search and seizures while investigating a company. An inspector is\nunder the obligation to provide interim and final reports of the investigation\nthat has been conducted by her to the central government once the investigation\nhas been completed. These reports shall have evidentiary value, and any person\nwho is found guilty of an offence on the basis of the report will be liable to\nbe prosecuted in accordance with the law. The inspector should also have the\npower to examine any person for the purpose of investigation with the prior\napproval of the central government and also require such a person to appear before\nher personally. The inspector shall also have all the powers that are vested in\na suitable quote under the code of Civil Procedure of 1908 for the purposes of\ninvestigation, including discovery introduction of books of accounts, summoning\nenforcing the attendance of persons being examined on earth along with\ninspection of registers books and other documents. Disobeying any of the\ndirections issued by the inspector can lead to penalties which shall include\nimprisonment and a fine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The central government can also present to\nthe tribunal petition for the winding up of a corporate body or the company\nbased on the investigation report on the ground that it is equitable and just\nthat it should be wound up. The central government can also bring any\nproceedings, based on the investigation report, &nbsp;against anybody corporate or any company\neither for the recovery of damages in case of any fraud or misconduct or misfeasance\nin relation to the formation or promotion or management of affairs of a company\nor can also bring proceedings for the recovery of property of the body\ncorporate or company which has been wrongfully retained or misapplied.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Companies Act makes it obligatory for any\nofficer or employee of the company to provide any required assistance to the\ninspector to facilitate the smooth conduction of the investigation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Powers_and_Duties_of_Auditors_as_per_the_Companies_Act_2013\"><\/span>Powers and Duties of Auditors\nas per the Companies Act, 2013<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Section 143 of the Companies Act of 2013\nprovides for the powers and duties of an external auditor. Below mentioned are\nsome of the powers and rights that an external auditor is equipped with to duly\nfulfil her duties:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Right\nTo Access<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The external auditor has the right and power to\naccess the vouchers and the books of accounts of a company at any time,\nregardless of whether they are kept at the registered office of the company or\nat any other place. The auditor shall be entitled to obtain any necessary\ninformation that is required to perform the duties as an auditor, as and when\nneeded.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The auditor of a holding company shall have\nthe right to access the records of associate companies and subsidiary companies\nwith respect to the consolidated financial statements of all the entities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Right\nto Inquire<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The external auditor shall also have the\nright and the power to inquire into the matters of a company with respect to\nits transactions, advancing of loans, assets and liabilities among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The below mentioned are the duties that an\nauditor is expected to fulfil as per the Companies Act:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>The auditor\nshall be required to assess whether the loans and advances that have been made\nby a company on the basis of security have been secured properly and that the\nterms on which they have been made are not prejudicial to the interests of the\ncompany and its members.<\/li><li>The\nauditor shall check whether the transactions of the company that are\nrepresented only by book entries are prejudicial to the company&#8217;s interests.<\/li><li>In\nsituations where the company is not a banking company or an investment company,\nthe auditor shall check whether the assets of the company, which consists of\ndebentures, shares and securities, have been sold at a price that is less than\nwhat the cost was when they were purchased by the company.<\/li><li>The\nauditor shall also check whether the advances and loans that are made by the\ncompany have been shown as deposits.<\/li><li>The\nauditors are also required to check whether any personal expenses have been\ncharged to the revenue account of the company.<\/li><li>In\ncases where it is stated in the documents and books of the company that shares\nhave been allotted for cash, then the auditor shall check whether the money for\nsuch allotment has actually been received and, if no cash has been received, whether\nthe exact position husband stated the balance sheet and the book of accounts\nand no misleading entries had been recorded or entered.<\/li><li>The\nauditor has a duty to make a report on the accounts and the financial\nstatements that are examined by her. The auditor shall give an accurate and\ncomplete report regarding the financial position of the company to the members\nof the company.<\/li><li>The\nauditor is also placed under a duty to comply with the auditing standards data\nrecommended by the Institute of Chartered Accountants.<\/li><li>The\nauditor has a duty to disclose instances of fraud on the part of the employees\nof the company that have come to her notice on examination or on finding some\nevidence. The auditors disclose cases of fraud to the Central Government.<\/li><li>The\nauditor is also placed under the duty to sign audit reports that are made by\nher and other documents of the company.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Auditing_and_Investigation_%E2%80%93_Differences\"><\/span>Auditing and Investigation &#8211; Differences<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In the first instance, it may seem that\nauditing and investigation and one and the same things. However, even though\nthey may be similar and out in aspects, there are significant differences\nbetween Auditing and\nInvestigation. Some of the\ndifferences between Auditing and\nInvestigation are mentioned below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Meaning<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>An investigation is the inquiry of the\nfinancial activities for a specific purpose of a company.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>An <strong><a class=\"text-primary\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/business-audit\">audit<\/a><\/strong> is a\ncritical examination of the financial records of a business entity for the\npurpose of verifying it and assessing its accuracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Guiding\nPrinciples<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>An investigation is not guided by any\nparticular standards that are specifically prescribed under the law. However, a\nstatutory audit is required to be done as per the generally accepted \u201cstandards\non accounting,&#8221; which have been formulated by the Council of the ICAI or\nThe Institute of Chartered Accountants of India in accordance with the international\nstudents that have been issued by the IAASB or the International Auditing and\nAssurance Standards Board.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>&nbsp;Scope:<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Investigations generally have a limited scope\nas they are confined subject matter of investigation on a specific purpose for\nwhich it is being conducted and is confined to the matters related to the\nsubject matter itself. Investigations are generally conducted on behalf of 3rd\nparties like financial regulators or investors, or the owners of the company\nfor the purposes of the investigation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, the scope of audits is more\ncomprehensive as it is conducted with the general purpose of forming an opinion\non the financial activities of the company by analysing and examining the\nfinancial records and statements of a company. An audit was just conducted on\nbehalf of the owners of the company.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Objectives<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>An investigation is conducted with the\npurpose of ascertaining a particular fact for a specific purpose and it can\nvary from assignment to assignment. For a business entity, it can include the\nexamination of the affairs or financial records of a company to find out errors\nor instances of fraud or malpractice or for any other specific purpose.\nInvestigations are not conducted to ascertain the overall financial position of\nthe company. It is limited to the aspects that are required to be looked into\nin order to fulfil the purpose for which the investigation is being conducted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>An audit is conducted with the purpose of\nexpressing an opinion on the financial situation of an entity. It is basically\nconducted to test whether the financial statements showcase an accurate and\nfair view of the financial state of affairs of an entity. It also helps in\nachieving the incidental objective of detecting errors or frauds during the\ncourse of an audit. Auditors are generally wary of the possibility of errors or\nfraud in the financial statements or books of accounts, as this can cause the\nfinancial position of the entity to be misstated. The auditor checks the books\nof accounts to assess the accuracy of the data and to look for errors. It is\nconducted to ascertain the true financial position of a company, the cash flow\nprofit and losses, investment rates or the value in the market.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Subject\nMatter<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>An investigation covers only the examination\nof requisite records that are relevant to the object and purpose for which the\ninvestigation is being conducted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>An audit covers the examination of all the\nfinancial statements and the records of a company.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Nature<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The investigation is not mandatory in nature and\nis conducted at the discretion of the person seeking information through the\ninvestigation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, the nature of audits a compulsory in\nnature and every company is required to conduct routine audits as per the\nCompanies Act of 2013.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Duration\nand Time Period<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>There is no specified duration or time period\nduring which an investigation is required to be conducted or completed. It only\ndepends on the information that is required to be found out from the\ninvestigation or the complexity of the case. Investigations can take at any\ntime of the year, depending upon the requirements of the investigation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Audits are required to be conducted annually\nat the end of every year to assess the financial statements of the company that\nwas prepared throughout the year and have to be completed limited time frame.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Personnel\nfor Execution<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Investigations are conducted by inspectors\nappointed by the owners or management or any other 3rd party or the central\ngovernment in accordance with the applicable provisions of <strong>the Companies Act of\n2013<\/strong><sup><a class=\"text-primary\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mca.gov.in\/Ministry\/pdf\/CompaniesAct2013.pdf\"><strong>[1]<\/strong><\/a><\/sup>. Inspectors can either be government\nemployees or a private person. An audit can only be conducted by a chartered\naccountant in practice who is appointed under the Chartered Accountants Act of\n1949.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Appointment\nOf Personnel<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Investigations are conducted by inspectors\nwho may be appointed by the owners or management or the central government, or\nany other 3rd party.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Auditors are appointed by the company itself by\nits board members. The first auditor of a company is required to be appointed\nby the board of directors through a board resolution which is required to be\npassed before the expiry of 30 days from the date of incorporation of the\ncompany. All the subsequent auditors of a company are appointed either by the\nowners are the shareholders of an entity in its annual general meeting. The\ncompany can appoint either an internal auditor or an external 3rd party auditor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Procedure<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>There is no defined scope are the process\nexamination that is conducted during investigations. Investigations can extend\nto any limit, depending upon the complexity of the case. An investigation is\nconducted on the existence of a preconceived suspicion or notion of a lapse or\nan error. An investigation gathers concrete and conclusive evidence, and the\ninvestigation report is acceptable evidence in a court of law. There are no set\nstandards for conducting an investigation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>An audit is conducted without the existence\nof any preconceived suspicion or findings with respect to fraud or error. An audit\ndoes not gather conclusive or fool proof evidence. It only gathers persuasive\nevidence. An audit is to be conducted in accordance with the standards that are\nset by the Institute of Chartered Accountants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Evidence<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Investigation reports generally are based on\ncorporate and claim conclusive evidence. The evidence obtained as such\ndirections to fulfil the purpose for which the investigation was being\nconducted. Auditors gather persuasive evidence rather than conclusive evidence.\nAuditing is mainly based on test checking. This essentially means that rather\nthan checking all the transactions, auditors will test-check a small part of\ntransactions out of a setup similar ones and form their judgement. Their\nopinions are generally based on inference from the test check.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Report<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>An investigation report provides information\nwith respect to the results or conclusions that are drawn from the enquiries\nmade. The investigation report consists of contract and hard evidence and not\nthe opinion of the investigator, and it has evidentiary value and is conclusive\nin nature. Generally, investigation reports are not audited again during an\naudit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>An Audit report showcases an accurate and\nfair account of the financial condition of the entity, along with the opinion\nof the auditor regarding the reporting of the financial statements. The evidence\ndrawn from an audit report is persuasive in nature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Manner\nof Reporting<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>There is no statutory form or the specific\nmanner in which the investigation report is to be created. On the other hand,\nan auditor is required to make a report of the accounts edited by her to the\nmembers of the company. The information has to be made in a particular format,\nand the matters that are to be mentioned in the audit report are provided by\nthe law under Section 143 of The Companies Act of 2013, read with The Companies\n(Auditor\u2019s Report) Order of 2020. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Auditing and investigation are often widely used in accounting with respect to a systematic examination of data. The process of auditing refers to the methodical and authentic assessment of the financial statements of an entity with a view to testing the financial accuracy and reliability of the statements and to assess whether the financial statements conform with the applicable laws, regulations, and rules. Investigation refers to a process that is undertaken for a particular purpose with the aim of ascertaining a fact or discovering the truth. For a business entity, investigation pertains to the examination of the book of accounts in the history of transactions undertaken by the company. Investigations are undertaken with the aim of revealing some truth or establishing facts with the help of evidence. Although Auditing and Investigation are used in relation to examining data in accountancy, they differ in meaning, scope, purpose, method and the subject matter that they are used in connection to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Also Read<\/strong>: <br><a href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/basic-financial-statements\/\">What Are The Basic Financial Statements?\n<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/filing-of-financial-statement-with-registrar\/\">Filing Of Financial Statement With Registrar\n<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The terms auditing and investigation are often widely used in accounting with respect to a systematic examination of data. It may seem that auditing and investigation are one and the same things. Although both of them are used in relation to examining data in accountancy, they differ in meaning, scope, purpose, method and the subject [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":47,"featured_media":53215,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[128],"tags":[3208],"acf":{"service_id":"103"},"authorName":"Sherin Jose","authorImageUrl":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/MicrosoftTeams-image-4-e1668575330329.jpg","authorDescription":"Sherin has degrees in Law and English Literature from the University of Delhi. She is adept at legal research and writing and enjoys discussing and analysing important legal developments. Her primary interests lie in Corporate, FinTech and IPR Law and she is always on the lookout for exploring new developments in the area. She is an avid reader who loves classics and contemporary fiction. She likes to travel, bake and obsess over cat videos in her free time.","postViews":5589,"readingTime":12,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53201"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/47"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=53201"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53201\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":53203,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53201\/revisions\/53203"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/53215"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=53201"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=53201"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=53201"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}