{"id":52589,"date":"2023-02-17T16:15:44","date_gmt":"2023-02-17T10:45:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/?p=52589"},"modified":"2023-02-17T16:15:46","modified_gmt":"2023-02-17T10:45:46","slug":"eia-guidelines-for-development-projects","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/eia-guidelines-for-development-projects\/","title":{"rendered":"Overview of EIA Guidelines for Development Projects"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>In\ngeneral, EIA guidelines for Development projects are self-contained and\nincorporated into social infrastructure demands, services, commerce,\nentertainment, and trash management. Road networks, water supply and\nmanagement, energy supply and management, and adequate communication services\nare all part of development projects. Schools, Medicare, recreation, and\ncommunity centres are examples of social infrastructure. A shopping centre with\nsuitable facilities should be located inside the municipality. Proper waste\nmanagement, including garbage collection, segregation, treatment, and disposal,\nshould be included in the development project. Infrastructure maintenance, as\nwell as citizens&#8217; security and safety, must be assured. The purpose of the EIA\nguidelines for Development projects is to develop environmental clearance\nprocesses before the establishment of designated kind and scale. One of the key\nissues in granting <strong><a class=\"text-primary\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/environmental-clearance\">environmental clearance<\/a><\/strong> to a project is the\nappropriateness of the proposed development location.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In\naddition to Form 1 and Form 1A, the applicant must include a copy of the\nconceptual plan with the application. The following are the specifics of the\ncategories specified in the schedule:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The\nprojects that require an Environmental Impact Assessment report are designated\nas Category &#8216;B1&#8217;, while the remaining projects are designated as Category &#8216;B2&#8217;\nand will not require an Environmental Impact Assessment report. Except for item\n8 (a), the Ministry of Environment and Forests should provide appropriate\nguidelines from time to time for categorising projects as B1 or B2. All\nprojects and activities identified as Category &#8216;B&#8217; (tem 8 of the Schedule\n(Construction \/ Township \/ Commercial Complexes \/ Housing) are exempt from\nscoping and will be evaluated using Form 1\/ Form 1A and the conceptual plan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"cursor:pointer\">Page Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/eia-guidelines-for-development-projects\/#Validity_of_Environmental_Clearance\" >Validity\nof Environmental Clearance<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/eia-guidelines-for-development-projects\/#Post_Environmental_Clearance_Monitoring\" >Post\nEnvironmental Clearance Monitoring<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/eia-guidelines-for-development-projects\/#Transferability_of_Environmental_Clearance\" >Transferability\nof Environmental Clearance<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/eia-guidelines-for-development-projects\/#Generic_Structure_of_Environmental_Impact_Assessment_Document\" >Generic\nStructure of Environmental Impact Assessment Document<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/eia-guidelines-for-development-projects\/#Identification_of_Project\" >Identification\nof Project<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/eia-guidelines-for-development-projects\/#Brief_Description_of_Project\" >Brief\nDescription of Project<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/eia-guidelines-for-development-projects\/#Site_Selection\" >Site\nSelection<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/eia-guidelines-for-development-projects\/#Identification_of_Natural_Hazard_Prone_Areas\" >Identification\nof Natural Hazard Prone Areas<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/eia-guidelines-for-development-projects\/#Mitigation_Measures\" >Mitigation\nMeasures<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/eia-guidelines-for-development-projects\/#Alternative_Technologies\" >Alternative\nTechnologies<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/eia-guidelines-for-development-projects\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Validity_of_Environmental_Clearance\"><\/span>Validity\nof Environmental Clearance <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In the\ncase of EIA guidelines for Development projects, the environmental clearance\ngiven is valid for five years. The regulatory authority concerned may extend\nthis validity period by a maximum period of five years provided an application\nis made to the regulatory authority by the applicant within the validity\nperiod, together with an updated Form 1, and Supplementary Form 1A, for\nconstruction projects or activities (Item 8 of the schedule)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Post_Environmental_Clearance_Monitoring\"><\/span>Post\nEnvironmental Clearance Monitoring <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>For\ncategory B projects, regardless of MoEF\/SEIAA clearance, the project proponent\nmust publicly publicise in publications that the project has received\nenvironmental clearance and the information of the <strong>MoEF<\/strong><sup><a class=\"text-primary\" href=\"https:\/\/moef.gov.in\/en\/\"><strong>[1]<\/strong><\/a><\/sup> website where it is presented.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On the\nfirst of June and first of December of each calendar year, the Project\nmanagement shall provide half-yearly compliance reports in respect of the\nprescribed previous environmental clearance terms and conditions. All such\nreports must be made public as per the EIA guidelines for Development projects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Transferability_of_Environmental_Clearance\"><\/span>Transferability\nof Environmental Clearance<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A prior\nenvironmental clearance granted to an applicant for a specific project or\nactivity to be transferred during its validity to another legal person entitled\nto undertake the project on application by the transferor\/ transferee with a\nwritten &#8220;no objection&#8221; by the transferor, to and by the regulatory\nauthority concerned, on the same terms and conditions as the prior\nenvironmental clearance was initially granted, and for the same validity\nperiod.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Generic_Structure_of_Environmental_Impact_Assessment_Document\"><\/span>Generic\nStructure of Environmental Impact Assessment Document <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>According\nto the MoEF&#8217;s EIA guidelines for Development projects of September 14, 2006,\nthe generic format of the EIA document should be as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Contents Introduction <\/li><li>Project Description <\/li><li>Environmental Description <\/li><li>Anticipated Environmental Impacts &amp; Mitigation\nMeasures <\/li><li>Alternatives Analysis (Technology and Site) <\/li><li>Environmental Monitoring Programme <\/li><li>Additional Studies <\/li><li>Project Benefits <\/li><li>Environmental Management Plan <\/li><li>Summary &amp; Conclusion<\/li><li>Disclosure of Consultants engaged<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Identification_of_Project\"><\/span>Identification\nof Project <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>As per\nthe EIA guidelines for Development projects, the project proponent&#8217;s profile,\ncontact information (e-mail, fax, phone number, etc.) should be provided. All\ncorrespondence with the MoEF must be made solely by the authorised signatory.\nThe approved signature must also provide documentation to back up his claim to\nbe an authorised signatory for the specific project.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Brief_Description_of_Project\"><\/span>Brief\nDescription of Project <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Details\non the project&#8217;s nature, size, location, and significance to the country and\narea should be given in this section. The project site description must include\nsurvey\/khasra numbers, village, tehsil, district, state and extent of the land,\nas well as latitude and longitude of the borders. As per the EIA guidelines for\nDevelopment projects, the planned action must be properly described in terms of\nexisting national and international environmental laws\/regulations. If any\nannounced environmental restrictions\/limitations are imposed by the district\nadministration, state, or central government, these should be included. Details\nof any litigation(s) pending against the project\/proposed site and any court of\nlaw directions issued against the project should be provided.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the\nevent of project expansion\/modernization, the environmental compliance status\nfor the current project should be provided for the following:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Status of Environmental Clearance and compliance\nwith the terms and conditions for the existing project.<\/li><li>Validity of the Air &amp; Water Consent orders,\nand Hazardous Waste Authorization (HWA) from SPCB\/ PCC for the existing project.<\/li><li>Notices\/directions issued by regulatory agencies under\nsection 33(A) of the Water Act, section 31(A) of the Air Act 1981 during the\nlast one year.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Site_Selection\"><\/span>Site\nSelection<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>As per EIA\nguidelines for Development projects, the proposed land use must be consistent\nwith the area&#8217;s approved Master Plan\/Development Plan. If no approved Plan\nexists, approval from the competent authorities should be obtained and filed\nfor Environmental clearance. A detailed explanation should be supplied if the\nproposed development is outside the municipal borders or planning region. Sites\nfor new townships should study the cultural and historical conditions, the\nurban context considerations, the availability of water and other\ninfrastructure systems like electricity, roadways with adequate width and\ncapacity and environmental aspects including ecosystems and diversity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Identification_of_Natural_Hazard_Prone_Areas\"><\/span>Identification\nof Natural Hazard Prone Areas <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Earthquake Prone Areas<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol><li>Intensities of VII or above on the Modified\nMercalli or MSK intensity scale are considered moderate to high. Regions\nclassified as seismic zones III, IV, and V according to IS 1893. As a result,\nall places inside these three zones will be classified as earthquake-prone.<\/li><li>In these zones, sites with soil characteristics\nand water table levels suitable to liquefaction or settlement due to earthquake\nvibrations would pose a larger danger to buildings and structures, which will\nbe given special attention under Land Use Zoning.<\/li><li>Within these zones, hilly areas identified as\nhaving poor slope stability conditions and where earthquakes could trigger\nlandslides, where earthquakes could initiate mud flow due to prior saturated\nconditions, and where earthquakes could trigger avalanches will be especially\nrisk prone.<\/li><li>Whereas the earthquake hazard-prone areas defined\nin &#8216;a&#8217; are identified on the IS 1893 small-scale map and more easily identified\non the larger size state-wise maps given in the Vulnerability Atlas of India,\nthe special risky areas must be determined specifically for the planning area\nunder consideration through special studies to be carried out by geologists and\ngeotechnical engineers.<\/li><li>If the GSI (Geological Survey of India) identifies\nan active fault trace, a structure for human habitation must be put back by a\nminimum of 15 m on either side of the fault trace.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cyclone Prone Areas <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>As\nper the EIA guidelines for Development projects following are the Cyclone Prone\nAreas: &#8211;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>a.<\/strong> Areas\nprone to cyclonic storms are found along India&#8217;s sea coast, where cyclonic wind\nspeeds of 39 metres per second or higher are specified in the Wind Velocity Map\ngiven in IS 875 (part 3) to a small scale and easily identified in the\nVulnerability Atlas of India, where maps are drawn on a larger scale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>b.<\/strong> In these\ncyclone-prone locations, sites that are likely to be subjected to significant\nrain-induced floods or flooding by sea water under storm surge circumstances are\nespecially problematic owing to flood flow damage and inundation under water.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>c.<\/strong> Whereas\nsites under &#8216;a&#8217; are easily identifiable, those under &#8216;b&#8217; require a particular\ncontour survey of the planning area under consideration as well as a study of\nthe area&#8217;s previous flooding and storm surge history. These studies may have to\nbe conducted by the Survey of India or locally constituted survey teams, with\nassistance from the Central Water Commission, the Government of India, and the\ndepartment of the State or Union Territory dealing with floods.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Flood Prone Areas<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>As\nper the EIA guidelines for Development projects following are the Flood Prone\nAreas: &#8211;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>a.<\/strong>\nFlood-prone locations in river plains (both unprotected and protected by bunds)\nare identified in the Flood Atlas of India created by the Central Water\nCommission and duplicated on a wider scale in state-by-state maps in the\nVulnerability Atlas of India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>b.<\/strong> In\naddition to the locations, other places may be flooded as a result of severe\nrains, flooding in depressions, backflow in drains, poor drainage, failure of\nprotective works, and so on.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>c.<\/strong> Whereas\nthe flood prone regions under &#8216;a&#8217; are recognised on the accessible maps, the\nareas under &#8216;b&#8217; must be determined by a local contour survey and a study of the\nplanned area&#8217;s flood history. Such studies might be conducted out by the Survey\nof India or local survey teams, with assistance from the Central Water\nCommission and the departments of the state or union territory dealing with\nfloods.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Land Slide Prone Areas <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>As\nper the EIA guidelines for Development projects following are the Land Slide\nProne Areas: &#8211;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li>While most hilly locations are recognised to be prone to landslides\/landslips, the susceptibility of the various places to landslides ranges from extremely low to very high. Landslide zoning naturally necessitates mapping on a huge scale.<\/li><li>Two sorts of criteria are regarded crucial in the development of the landslide zone map, as described below:<ul><li><strong>Factors\/Parameters of Geology\/Topography<\/strong><br><strong>&#8211;<\/strong> Lithology<br><strong>&#8211; <\/strong>Lineaments\/Geological Structures<br><strong>&#8211;<\/strong> Relationship between slope and dip (bedding, joint)<br><strong>&#8211; <\/strong>Geomorphology<br><strong>&#8211; <\/strong>Drainage<br><strong>&#8211; <\/strong>Slope aspect, slope angle, and slope morphology<br><strong>&#8211; <\/strong>The usage of land<br><strong>&#8211;<\/strong> The texture and depth of the soil <br><strong>&#8211; <\/strong>Weathering of rocks<\/li><\/ul><ul><li><strong>Causing Factors<\/strong> <br><strong>&#8211;<\/strong> Rainfall<br><strong>&#8211; <\/strong>Anthropogenic Earthquake<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mitigation_Measures\"><\/span>Mitigation\nMeasures <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The goal\nof the EIA guidelines for Development projects is the following: &#8211;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To ensure\nthe health and safety of construction workers by making effective provisions\nfor basic sanitation, drinking water, and equipment or mechanical safety, among\nother things. The following are some guidelines to follow:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Adhere to the safety procedures, guidelines, and\nsuggestions (where applicable) outlined in Part 7 Constructional Practices and\nSafety, 2005, the National Building Code of India, and the Bureau of Indian\nStandards.<\/li><li>Provide clean drinking water to all staff.<\/li><li>Provide enough distributed latrines and urinals\nfor construction workers. &#8211; Protect all parts of dangerous machinery.<\/li><li>When working with machinery, certain precautions\nmust be taken.<\/li><li>Maintaining hoists and lifts, lifting machinery,\nchains, ropes, and other lifting equipment in top condition.<\/li><li>Long-lasting and reusable formwork solutions to\nreplace timber formwork and ensure correct formwork maintenance when in use.<\/li><li>Ensuring high-quality raised walking surfaces or\nboards with safety rails or belts.<\/li><li>Provide fire-prevention measures. Fire\nextinguishers and sand buckets will be placed in the fire-prone region and\nelsewhere.<\/li><li>Provide adequate and appropriate lighting for\nworking at night.<\/li><li>Provide enough and appropriate lighting for night\ntime work.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Alternative_Technologies\"><\/span>Alternative\nTechnologies<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>As\nper the EIA guidelines for Development projects, the use of alternative\ntechnologies for each component of the building&#8217;s exterior, superstructure,\nfinishes, road, and surrounding regions is thoroughly examined (NBCode 2007).\nSome examples are as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Brick and block products, including waste and\nrecycled materials such as fly ash (waste from coal-fired power plants), blast\nfurnace slag, sewage sludge, waste wood fibre, and so on.<\/li><li>Walls may be built with lightweight aerated\nconcrete blocks made from fly ash.<\/li><li>Perforated bricks can be used to build walls.<\/li><li>Some alternative roofing techniques include brick panels\nwith joists, filler slab roofing, brick funicular shell roofing, RCC channel\nunits, and micro-concrete roofing tiles.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Some of\nthe alternate materials for openings in construction are: &#8211; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Precast thin lintels, ferro-cement-sunshade cum\nlintels, and so forth.<\/li><li>Utilization of renewable wood for doors and\nwindows<\/li><li>Use of recycled steel in steel manufacturing<\/li><li>Aluminium containing certified recycled content<\/li><li>Doors and window frames made from sawdust<\/li><li>PVC doors and windows, rice husk boards, and\nnatural fibre-reinforced polymer composite door panels.<\/li><li>Bamboo-based items, such as bamboo strips and\nboards. Finishing options include fly ash, ceramic tiles, and terrazzo floors. <\/li><li>The use of non-renewable construction materials\nwill assist in limiting the usage of non-renewable resources and the impact on\nnatural resources. The materials utilised should be properly noted in the EIA\nreport.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The EIA Guidelines for development projects highlight the advantages to the community, neighbourhood, region, and country. It includes beneficial details such as Improvements to the project&#8217;s physical infrastructure, as well as any auxiliary businesses that may emerge as a result of the project. Improvements to social infrastructure such as roads, trains, townships, housing, water supply, electricity, drainage, educational institutions, and hospitals, among other things. Employment potential for skilled, semi-skilled, and unskilled labour both during the construction and operational phases of the project, with special attention paid to the employment potential of the local population as well as the need to impart any specialised skills to them in order for them to be eligible for such employment in the project on a long-term basis, i.e., during the operational and maintenance stages of the project.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"text-left\"><b>Read Our Article<\/b>: <mark style=\"background: #fffd03 !important;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/importance-of-environmental-impact-assessment-eia-in-india\/\">Importance Of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) In India<\/a><\/mark><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In general, EIA guidelines for Development projects are self-contained and incorporated into social infrastructure demands, services, commerce, entertainment, and trash management. Road networks, water supply and management, energy supply and management, and adequate communication services are all part of development projects. Schools, Medicare, recreation, and community centres are examples of social infrastructure. A shopping centre [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":52,"featured_media":52591,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[2093],"tags":[3107],"acf":{"service_id":"571"},"authorName":"Suchandra Mukherjee","authorImageUrl":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/MicrosoftTeams-image-52-1.jpg","authorDescription":"Suchandra is a 5th Year Law Student, pursuing Law from University of Mumbai. She has published 100+ Articles and Blogs on Legal Portals and International Multidisciplinary peer-reviewed journals. She is adept at legal research and can write fast SEO-friendly creative articles and blog posts on legal topics. She loves to paint and watch thriller movies in her free time.","postViews":3362,"readingTime":8,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52589"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/52"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=52589"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52589\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":52593,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52589\/revisions\/52593"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/52591"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=52589"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=52589"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=52589"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}