{"id":51007,"date":"2022-11-29T12:34:34","date_gmt":"2022-11-29T07:04:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/?p=51007"},"modified":"2022-11-29T12:34:35","modified_gmt":"2022-11-29T07:04:35","slug":"integrated-circuit-layout","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/integrated-circuit-layout\/","title":{"rendered":"Integrated Circuit Layout: Things You Need to Know"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Integrated circuit layout (aka IC layout, IC mark layout) refers to\nthe manifestation of an integrated circuit concerning geometric shapes related\nto the patterns of oxide, metal, or semiconductor layers that constitute the\ncomponents of the IC. Previously, the overall process was referred to as a\n\u201ctape out\u201d as preceding ICs leveraged graphical black crepe tape on mylar\nmedia. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When utilizing a standard process-where the connection of various\nthermal, chemical, and photographic variables is accessible and aptly\ncontrolled-the behaviour of the finished IC depends on the positions and\ninteractions of the geometric shapes. With a computer-based layout tool, the\nlayout technician or engineer carefully positioned and connects available\ncomponents that constituent the chip in a way that fulfils underlying\nconditions concerning size, performance, density, and manufacturability. This\nmethod is subdivided between two fundamental layout disciplines- Digital and\nAnalog<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"cursor:pointer\">Page Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/integrated-circuit-layout\/#Tests_Performed_On_the_Integrated_Circuit_Layout\" >Tests Performed On the Integrated\nCircuit Layout<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/integrated-circuit-layout\/#Role_of_Layout_Post-Processing_and_Data_Translation_in_Integrated_Circuit_Layout\" >Role of Layout\nPost-Processing and Data Translation in Integrated Circuit Layout<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/integrated-circuit-layout\/#Different_Legislations_Governing_the_Integrated_Circuit_LayoutDesign\" >Different Legislations\nGoverning the Integrated Circuit Layout\/Design<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/integrated-circuit-layout\/#Status_of_Integrated_Circuit_Layout_Designs_in_India\" >Status of Integrated\nCircuit Layout Designs in India<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/integrated-circuit-layout\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tests_Performed_On_the_Integrated_Circuit_Layout\"><\/span><strong>Tests Performed On the Integrated\nCircuit Layout <\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The generated layout should undergo various quality checks during\nphysical vetting. The common checks include: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><em>Design Rule Checking <\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Design Rule Checking (DRC) ensures whether the design fulfills the\nconstraints of the process technology that deals with its manufacturing. DRC\nchecking serves as an imperative part of the physical design flow and affirms\nthe design fulfills manufacturing requisites. The process technology conditions\nare underpinned by process engineers &amp; fabrication units. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><em>Layout versus Schematic (LVS) <\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Layout Versus Schematic compares the extracted netlist to the\nfundamental schematic netlist to check if they match. The comparison check is\ndeemed a success if the concerned devices and nerts match the device &amp; the\nnets of the layout. The device properties can undergo comparison to check\nwhether they match within a given tolerance. During properties comparison, all\nthe properties should match thoroughly to accomplish a clean comparison.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><em>Parasactic Extraction <\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In the context of electronic design automation, parasitic extraction\nrefers to the estimation of the parasitic effects in the designed devices and\nunderlying wiring interconnects -parasitic capacitances, parasitic inductances,\nand parasitic resistances known as parasitic components or simply parasitic. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Parasitic extraction aims to create a legitimate analog model of the\ncircuit so that simulations can emulate actual analog &amp; digital circuit\nresponses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><em>Antenna Rule Checking<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Antenna rules refer to a typical name for rules that verify the\nratio of material\u2019s amount in two layers from the same node. Their utilization\nlimits the damage of the thin gate oxide while production because of charge\ngathering on interconnect layers in certain fabrication steps. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><em>Electrical Rule Checking <\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Electrical rule checking determines the potential of the schematic,\naffirming that circuits will function as designed. ERC violations may lead to\ncompromised yield and\/or circuit outage or electrical malfunction post-product\ndelivery. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Role_of_Layout_Post-Processing_and_Data_Translation_in_Integrated_Circuit_Layout\"><\/span><strong>Role of Layout\nPost-Processing and Data Translation in Integrated Circuit Layout<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>When the vetting process comes to an end, layout post-processing\ncomes into effect where the data translation takes place in industry-recognized\nformat-GDSII and is sent to the foundry. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The process of data transfer to the foundry refers to as takeout.\nThe foundry transforms this data into mask data and utilizes it to produce the\nphotomasks, which are used in the photolithographic process. On the previous\nday, the IC design layout was manually created via films and opaque tapes, a\ndevelopment derived from the preceding days of PCB design-tape out. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Modern IC layout is achieved via IC layout editor software, largely\nautomatically via EDA tools, including route tools or schematic-driven layout\ntools. Generally this comprises a library of standard cells. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Different_Legislations_Governing_the_Integrated_Circuit_LayoutDesign\"><\/span><strong>Different Legislations\nGoverning the Integrated Circuit Layout\/Design<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>An integrated circuit (IC) layout refers to a 3-D schematic of the\ncomponents &amp; interconnections constituting the IC. An integrated circuit is\nnothing but an electronic circuit comparison of different circuit parts\nintegrated into some media and acts as an individual unit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A solid semiconductor is being utilized as the medium. The circuit\nmay be integrated into a small piece of silicon for the production process.\nSince all commercial ICs are manufactured from semiconductors, primarily\nsilicon, the terms Silicon Chip and Semiconductor have been utilized\ninterchangeably with IC. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Many devices leverage ICs, including a digital clocks, smart TVs,\nPCs, and so on. The legislations like the Semiconductor Integrated Circuits\nLayout-Design Rules of 2001 and the Semiconductor Integrated Circuits\nLayout-Design Act of 2000 ensure legal protection for the original layout\ndesign. This prevents others from imitating the integrated circuit layout,\nhelping firms to overcome fiscal losses. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Status_of_Integrated_Circuit_Layout_Designs_in_India\"><\/span><strong>Status of Integrated\nCircuit Layout Designs in India<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Though India has adhered to the TRIPS agreement concerning the\nprotection of semiconductor IC and layout design and approved the act, the lack\nof implementation still exists owing to the low awareness level among the\npeople. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There is a common misconception among Indian industries that patents\ncan be used to protect the integrated circuit layout. A patent is all about the\ninvention, whereas a copyright secures the artistic, cinematographic, and\nliterary composition. Thus, the mere modification of the design cannot qualify\nfor patent registration. Integrated circuit layout falls somewhere around the\nintersection of patent and <strong><a class=\"text-primary\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/design-registration\">design registration<\/a><\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span><strong>Conclusion<\/strong> <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Intellectual property protection for <strong>Integrated Circuit layout<\/strong><sup><a class=\"text-primary\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Integrated_circuit_layout\"><strong>[1]<\/strong><\/a><\/sup> plays a vital role globally in ensuring a level playing field. Unfortunately, no legislation in India specifically deals with software protection. Considering the prevailing growth rate and technological advancement in India, the government, in association with concerned committees, must stride forward to underpin extensive legislation for Integrated circuit layout\/design. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"text-left\"><b>Read Our Article<\/b>: <mark style=\"background: #fffd03 !important;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/online-patent-registration-and-filing-process-in-india\/\">Patent in India: Registration and Filing Process<\/a><\/mark><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Integrated circuit layout (aka IC layout, IC mark layout) refers to the manifestation of an integrated circuit concerning geometric shapes related to the patterns of oxide, metal, or semiconductor layers that constitute the components of the IC. Previously, the overall process was referred to as a \u201ctape out\u201d as preceding ICs leveraged graphical black crepe [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":22,"featured_media":51010,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[282],"tags":[2910],"acf":{"service_id":"20"},"authorName":"Pankaj Tyagi","authorImageUrl":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/MicrosoftTeams-image-42.jpg","authorDescription":"Pankaj has a diverse experience of writing research papers, blog, and articles during his college time. Earlier, he was working as a tax consultant in a financial firm, but his interest in writing drives him to pursue a career in the writing field.","postViews":4115,"readingTime":4,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51007"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/22"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=51007"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51007\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":51012,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51007\/revisions\/51012"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/51010"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=51007"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=51007"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=51007"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}