{"id":15596,"date":"2020-08-31T17:05:58","date_gmt":"2020-08-31T11:35:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/?p=15596"},"modified":"2020-10-07T16:08:20","modified_gmt":"2020-10-07T10:38:20","slug":"relevancy-of-international-copyright-in-india","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/relevancy-of-international-copyright-in-india\/","title":{"rendered":"Relevancy of International Copyright in India"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-drop-cap\">After post-independence, the <strong><em>Copyright Act 1957<\/em><\/strong> was\nthe first copyright legislation in India. However, this legislation has been amended\nsix times since 1957. The recent amendment was in the year 2012, through <strong><em>the\nCopyright (Amendment) Act 2012<\/em><\/strong>. India is a member of most prestigious\ninternational copyright conventions governing the area of copyright law,\nincluding the following:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>The Berne Convention of 1886 (modified in 1971\nat Paris),&nbsp; <\/li><li>The Universal Copyright Convention of 1951, <\/li><li>The Rome Convention of 1961 <\/li><li>The Agreement on (TRIPS) Trade-Related Aspects\nof Intellectual Property Rights<\/li><li>Earlier, India was not a member of the (WTC)\nWIPO Copyright Treaty and (WPPT) the WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty\nbut subsequently entered the treaty in 2013.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"cursor:pointer\">Page Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/relevancy-of-international-copyright-in-india\/#Copyright_law_gives_Protection_to_Foreign_Works_in_India\" >Copyright law gives Protection to Foreign Works in India<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/relevancy-of-international-copyright-in-india\/#International_Copyright\" >International Copyright<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/relevancy-of-international-copyright-in-india\/#Importance_of_International_Copyright\" >Importance of International Copyright<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/relevancy-of-international-copyright-in-india\/#International_Treaties\" >International Treaties<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/relevancy-of-international-copyright-in-india\/#Remedies_under_International_Copyright_Order_1999\" >Remedies under International Copyright Order 1999<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/relevancy-of-international-copyright-in-india\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Copyright_law_gives_Protection_to_Foreign_Works_in_India\"><\/span>Copyright law gives Protection to Foreign Works in India<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Copyright is provided to creative works of foreign\nnationals, whose countries are members of Berne Convention to which India is a\nsignatory, are protected against any infringement of their creative works in\nIndia through the International Copyright Order, 1999. In India, courts have\nalso been pro-active for the protection of copyright of foreign authors and\nowners, including books, art, painting, music, films, software, and database,\netc. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is Foreign Work?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The term <strong><em>&#8216;foreign work&#8217;<\/em><\/strong> is not explicitly defined under the Copyright Act of 1957. However, for determining &#8220;foreign work,&#8221; it can be reasoned that any work which does not fall under the category as <strong><em>&#8220;Indian Work&#8221;<\/em><\/strong> under <strong>Section 2 (l)<\/strong> of the Act will be classified as &#8220;foreign work.&#8221; To protect Indian works in foreign countries, India has become a member of the international conventions on copyright and neighboring (related) rights, that are as follows: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Berne Convention for a Protection of Literary\n&amp; Artistic works<\/li><li>The Universal Copyright Convention<\/li><li>The Convention for a Protection of Producers of\nPhonograms against Unauthorized Duplication of their Phonograms<\/li><li>The Multilateral Convention for an Avoidance of\nDouble Taxation of Copyright Royalties<\/li><li>(TRIPS) Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual\nProperty Rights Agreement.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"International_Copyright\"><\/span>International Copyright<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>&#8220;International copyright&#8221;<\/em><\/strong> is something that will protect an author&#8217;s writings throughout the world. The protection is given against unauthorized use in a particular country, depending on the country&#8217;s national laws. However, many countries offer protection to foreign works under certain conditions, which have been greatly simplified by international copyright treaties and conventions. <strong><em>In 1999, the International Copyright Order<\/em><\/strong> was formulated to protect the authors\/owners of the foreign copyright works and enforce protections beyond the national limits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Analysis of International Copyright under Indian Law<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Under Indian legislation, copyright of works of the\ndifferent countries mentioned in the International Copyright Order is protected\nin India, as if such works are Indian works. The benefits granted to foreign works\nmust not extend beyond what is available to the works in the home country and\nonly on a reciprocal basis, i.e., to say <strong><em>the foreign country must grant similar\nprotection to works entitled to copyright under the Act<\/em><\/strong>. In particular,\nregarding Registration of Copyright Application found on scrutiny of the\napplication that the work submitted for registration under the Copyright Act\n1957 was already registered in the United States of America. Hence, a\ndiscrepancy was raised.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Learned Registrar of Copyrights observed that &#8220;In\naccordance to the provisions of <strong><em>Section 40 of the Copyright Act, 1957<\/em><\/strong>,\n<strong><em>read\nwith International Copyright Order 1999<\/em><\/strong> states that the copyright of\nnationals of countries who are members of <strong><em>the Berne Convention<\/em><\/strong> for the\nProtection of Literary and Artistic Works are protected in India. A list of\nsuch countries is made available in <strong><em>Part 1 of the Schedule<\/em><\/strong> mentioned\nunder the International Copyright Order 1999.\u201d Further, the Learned Registrar\nof Copyrights agreed that an Applicant wishes so, he may also seek registration\nof their works in India by complying with the Copyright Act 1957 and Copyright\nRules requirements 2013.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Importance_of_International_Copyright\"><\/span>Importance of International Copyright <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The aim of the copyright conventions\/agreements\/treaties is\nfocused on the principle that the original creativity or works of the mind,\nwhich is the subject matter of protection under copyright law, should be\ndisseminated and distributed regardless of their national borders. The simple\nprinciples of the major Copyright Conventions are as follows:- <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Principle of National Treatment<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The works originating in one of\nthe Contracting States (works the author of such a State or works first\npublished in such a State) must be given the same protection in each of the\nother Contracting States as the latter grants to the works of its nationals. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Principle of &#8220;Automatic&#8221; Protection<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>It means that such national\ntreatment shall not be depending on any formality, i.e., protection must not be\nconditional upon compliance with any formality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Principle of &#8220;Independence&#8221; of Protection<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>It means that the enjoyment and exercise of the rights in a protected work in a specific country is independent of the existence or nonexistence of protection in the country of origin or any other country.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"text-left\"><b>Read our article<\/b>:<mark style=\"background: #fffd03 !important;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/type-of-works-protected-by-copyright-in-india\/\">What type of Works Protected by Copyright in India?<\/a><\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"International_Treaties\"><\/span>International Treaties <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The international treaties encourage reasonably coherent protection of copyright from country to country. They set minimum security standards, which each signatory country then implements within the bounds of its own copyright law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"625\" height=\"405\" src=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-129.png\" alt=\"International Treaties \" class=\"wp-image-15597\" srcset=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-129.png 625w, https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-129-300x194.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 625px) 100vw, 625px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Berne Convention<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>In 1886, the Berne Convention<\/em><\/strong> was adopted to protect original works and the legal rights of their authors\/creators. It protects creators such as authors, musicians, poets, painters, etc. with the means to control how their works are used, by whom, and on what terms. The Foundation of Berne Convention was based on <strong><em>three basic principles<\/em><\/strong>. This contains a series of provisions determining minimum protection to be granted and special provisions available to developing countries that want to make use of them.&nbsp; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>The three basic principles are the following:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>The works originating in one of the Contracting Country must be given the same protection in each of the other Contracting countries.<\/li><li>Protection is not conditional or based upon compliance with any formality, and instead, it is automatic.<\/li><li>Protection must be independent and the existence of protection in a country of origin of the work. However, if a Contracting Country provides for a longer term of protection than the minimum prescribed by the convention and the work ceases to be protected in the country of origin, protection may be denied once protection in the country of origin ceases.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Before the Berne Convention, there was very little\nprotection for authors outside their home country. The Berne Convention protects\nthe Literary and Artistic Works is an international copyright agreement that\ncovers an artist when their work is published or produced outside their country\nof origin. It protects their right to authorize translations, reproductions,\nadaptations, performances, broadcasts, or other communication of their work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">India is a Signatory of Berne Convention<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Berne Convention enforces a requirement that countries\nrecognize copyrights held by the citizens of all other parties to the\nconvention. That means Indian copyright law applies to anything published or\nperformed in India, regardless of where it was originally created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong><em>Copyright protection in literary work,\nbooks, scripts, screenplay, novels, and lyrics<\/em><\/strong>: A detailed explanation\nis given in the convention on what exactly is protected by law in case of\nliterary works.<\/li><li><strong><em>Protection in India:<\/em><\/strong> One of the\nthings occurring in copyright law is a slow shift from being a common law\nsubject to a statutory one. There has always been a federal Copyright Act, but\nuntil recently, courts took it as an invitation to fill in the gaps rather than\nunyielding constraints.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Universal Copyright Convention <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>UCC covers the author&#8217;s works who is a national or\ndomiciliary of the country that is a member of these treaties or the works\nfirst published in a member country or published within 30 days of first\npublication in a Berne Union country may claim protection under them. Under the\nUCC, any formality in national law must be satisfied by the use of a notice of\ncopyright in the form and position specified in the UCC. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong><em>UCC notice must consist of the symbol \u00a9 (C\nin a circle) accompanied by a year of its first publication<\/em><\/strong> and the\nname of the copyright proprietor. This notice has to be placed in such a manner\nto give reasonable notice of the claim to copyright.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Rome Convention <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong><em>Performers<\/em><\/strong>\nsuch as actors, musicians, singers, dancers, and those who perform literary or\nartistic works) are protected against individual acts to which they have not\nconsented, such as broadcasting and communication to the public of a live\nperformance.<\/li><li><strong><em>Producers of the phonograms<\/em><\/strong> have\nright to authorize or prohibit the direct or indirect reproduction of their\nphonograms. In Rome Convention, &#8220;phonograms&#8221; mean any exclusively\naural fixation of sounds of a performance or other sounds.&nbsp; <\/li><li><strong><em>Broadcasting organizations<\/em><\/strong> have right\nto authorize or prohibit certain acts, namely the rebroadcasting of their\nbroadcasts, the fixation of their broadcasts and the reproduction of such\nfixations.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">(TRIPS) Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Following the features of TRIPS are as below:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Signed in the year 1996<\/li><li>Administered by (WTO) World Trade Organization<\/li><li>Includes the number of provisions related to the\nenforcement of IP rights.<\/li><li>Says that the national laws have to make the\neffective enforcement of IP rights possible, and describe how implementation\nshould be addressed in detail.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">WIPO Copyright Treaty<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Following the features of WIPO are as below:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Signed in the year 1996<\/li><li>Makes clear that computer programs and databases\nare protected under copyright<\/li><li>Recognizes that the transmission of works over\nthe Internet and similar networks are an exclusive right within the scope of\ncopyright, originally held by the creator<\/li><li>Categorizes as copyright infringements<\/li><li>The circumvention of technological protection\nmeasures attached to works<\/li><li>The removal from the work of embedded rights\nmanagement information.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Remedies_under_International_Copyright_Order_1999\"><\/span>Remedies under International Copyright Order 1999<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The foreign works, are considered under the International\nCopyright Order 1999, are protected under the Copyright Act 1957, the\nprovisions with respect to enforcing the rights under the Copyright Act are\nalso available to the foreign copyrights holders. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The International Copyright Order 1999 extends its\nprotection under the Copyright Act 1957 to foreign works. Therefore, <strong><em>both\ncriminal and civil remedies for infringement under Chapter XII and Chapter XIII\nare available to foreign works<\/em><\/strong>. In India, the Copyright Act provides\ndual legal machinery to the right holders for enforcing the rights. This\nenforcement is possible by &#8211;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong><em>The Intellectual Property Appellate Board<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li><strong><em>The Courts<\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The Copyright Act, 1957, was established with a quasi-judicial body called the Copyright Board, which is now merged with Intellectual Property Appellate Board (hereinafter referred to as the &#8216;Appellate Board&#8217;) according to <strong><em>Finance Act 2017<\/em><\/strong><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Finance_Act_(India)\"><strong><em>[1]<\/em><\/strong><\/a><\/sup>, with effect from April 01, 2017. The Appellate Board is assigned to adjudicate disputes relating to <a href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/copyright-registration\"><strong>copyright registration<\/strong><\/a>, assignment of copyright, a grant of licenses in respect of works withheld from the public, unpublished Indian works, production, and publication of translations, and works for certain specified purposes. Further, it hears cases in other miscellaneous matters instituted before it under the Copyright Act, 1957.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>According to Section 62 of the Copyright Act 1957<\/em><\/strong>, the District\nCourts have jurisdiction in the matters of the infringement of any right\nconferred by the Copyright Act or pertaining to copyright infringement in any\nother work. However, an appeal against an order of the IPAB can be preferred\nbefore the Hon&#8217;ble High Court has jurisdiction. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>An author who wishes to have copyright protection for his or\nher work in a particular country must first determine the extent of protection\navailable to foreign authors&#8217; works in that country. If possible, this should\nbe done before the work is published anywhere, because protection may depend on\nthe facts existing at the time of first publication. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Some countries offer no copyright protection to any foreign works. <a href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/\"><strong>Corpbiz<\/strong><\/a> has a piece of information on the requirements and protection provided by other countries. It may be advisable to consult an expert familiar with foreign copyright laws.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"text-left\"><b>Read our article<\/b>:<mark style=\"background: #fffd03 !important;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/online-copyright-registration-procedure-india\/\">Copyright Registration in India \u2013 Process, Requirements and Duration<\/a><\/mark><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>After post-independence, the Copyright Act 1957 was the first copyright legislation in India. However, this legislation has been amended six times since 1957. The recent amendment was in the year 2012, through the Copyright (Amendment) Act 2012. India is a member of most prestigious international copyright conventions governing the area of copyright law, including the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":15628,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[190],"tags":[940],"acf":{"service_id":"21"},"authorName":"Soumya Bajpai","authorImageUrl":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/0.jpg","authorDescription":"Soumya has done LLB (Hons) and has a 2+years experience in writing. Her main interest is in reading judgments, new enactments and amendments taking around in law. She always strives to bring the best to work that she does.","postViews":18723,"readingTime":7,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15596"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15596"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15596\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17508,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15596\/revisions\/17508"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15628"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15596"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15596"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15596"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}