{"id":10204,"date":"2020-06-05T14:22:31","date_gmt":"2020-06-05T08:52:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/?p=10204"},"modified":"2022-11-16T16:04:43","modified_gmt":"2022-11-16T10:34:43","slug":"voting-by-electronic-means-2020","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/voting-by-electronic-means-2020\/","title":{"rendered":"Voting by Electronic Means: 2020 COVID-19 Regimes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-drop-cap\"><strong>Voting by\nElectronic means<\/strong> \u2018e-voting\u2019, which is a term serving\nseveral different types of Voting, implementing both electronic means of\ncounting votes and electronic means of casting a vote. Electronic voting\ntechnology can optically scan voting systems include punched cards and DRE or\nspecialized voting kiosks, which may include self-contained direct-recording\nelectronic voting systems. It can also involve private computer networks, transmission\nof ballots and votes via telephones, or the Internet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Two main kinds of e-Voting can be recognized as below:-<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"655\" height=\"369\" src=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/image-29.png\" alt=\"Two main kinds of e-Voting can be recognized\" class=\"wp-image-10205\" srcset=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/image-29.png 655w, https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/image-29-300x169.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 655px) 100vw, 655px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"cursor:pointer\">Page Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/voting-by-electronic-means-2020\/#What_are_the_new_provisions_presented_by_the_Companies_Act_2013_on_Voting_done_by_electronic_means\" >What are the new provisions presented by the\nCompanies Act, 2013 on Voting done by electronic means?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/voting-by-electronic-means-2020\/#What_are_the_Case_laws_concerning_Transparency_of_Voting_by_electronic_means%E2%80%9D\" >What are the Case laws concerning Transparency of Voting\nby electronic means&#8221;?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/voting-by-electronic-means-2020\/#What_is_the_process_for_Voting_by_electronic_means_to_be_followed_by_the_company\" >What is the process for Voting by electronic means to be\nfollowed by the company?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/voting-by-electronic-means-2020\/#What_are_the_Agencies_for_e-voting_Platform_Service\" >What are the Agencies for e-voting Platform Service?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/voting-by-electronic-means-2020\/#What_is_meant_by_Mobile_Voting_concerning_e-voting\" >What is meant by Mobile Voting concerning e-voting?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/voting-by-electronic-means-2020\/#What_MCS_had_come_up_because_of_the_COVID-19_outbreak_concerning_E-voting_by_Electronic_means\" >What MCS had come up because of the COVID-19 outbreak\nconcerning E-voting by Electronic means?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/voting-by-electronic-means-2020\/#Overall_Assumption\" >Overall Assumption<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/voting-by-electronic-means-2020\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_the_new_provisions_presented_by_the_Companies_Act_2013_on_Voting_done_by_electronic_means\"><\/span>What are the new provisions presented by the\nCompanies Act, 2013 on Voting done by electronic means?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Companies Act, 2013<\/strong><sup><a class=\"text-primary\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Companies_Act_2013\"><strong>[1]<\/strong><\/a><\/sup>, has presented new provisions on voting through electronic resources under <strong>Section 108 <\/strong>read with&nbsp;Companies (Management and Administration) Rules, 2014.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Voting completed by electronic means U\/s 108<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Every single <strong>registered\ncompany<\/strong> must provide its members facility to work out their right to vote\nat general meetings by <strong>electronic means, who conditionally having not less\nthan 1000 shareholders. <\/strong><\/li><li>Company may pass any official resolution\nvoting by Electronic means in agreement with the provisions of this rule. By\nthis, members may work out his right to vote at any general meeting by such electronic\nmeans during resolution.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u2018\u2018Electronic voting system\u2019\u2019<\/strong> or<strong> \u201cVoting by Electronic means\u2019\u2019<\/strong> means a \u2018<strong>secured system\u2019<\/strong> founded process of show for electronic ballots, tracking all the votes of the members and the number of votes polled in support or in contradiction of. It happens in such a way that the entire Voting exercised by way of electronic means gets registered and totaled in an electronic registry in a consolidated server with satisfactory \u2018<strong>cyber security\u2019<\/strong>;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">&nbsp;Security System<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The term \u2018\u2018<strong>secured\nsystem\u2019\u2019<\/strong> means, software, computer hardware, and all the procedure that \u2013 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Are rationally secure from unlawful access and misuse; <\/li><li>Deliver a reasonable level of dependability and precise operation; <\/li><li>Are rationally suited to performing the envisioned functions; and <\/li><li>Stick to generally accepted security actions.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cyber Security<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The term&nbsp;<strong>\u201cCyber security\u201d<\/strong> means protecting information, devices, equipment, computer, communication device, computer resource, and information deposited within from not permitted access, use, disruption, disclosures, modification, or damage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"text-left\"><b>Read our article<\/b>:<mark style=\"background: #fffd03 !important;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/prohibitions-and-restrictions-regarding-political-contributions\/\">Prohibitions and Restrictions Regarding Political Contributions\n<\/a><\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_the_Case_laws_concerning_Transparency_of_Voting_by_electronic_means%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>What are the Case laws concerning Transparency of Voting\nby electronic means&#8221;?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Case Law: &#8211; National Textile Corporation (UP) (1998) Ltd vs. Swadeshi\nPolytex Ltd and Ors. (92 Comp Cas 315 CLB)<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Honorable Company Law Board emphasized while dismissing this case, &#8220;The <a href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/annual-general-meeting\/\"><strong>annual general meeting<\/strong><\/a> is a prospect or opportunity to carry out certain routine business and take stock of the affairs of the company and.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Case Law: &#8211; Re. Godrej Industries Limited (2014)<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Honorable judge G.S. Patel of Bombay High Court, in\nthis case, has observed the importance of discussions and deliberations at\ngeneral meeting of members:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>We must recall that at the heart\nof corporate governance lies clearness and a well-established attitude of <strong>indoor democracy<\/strong> that makes the\nshareholders competent.<\/li><li>The right to use the vote as an appearance\nof a well-versed decision. That necessarily means that the shareholder has an <strong>unchallengeable right to ask questions<\/strong>,\nseek explanations, and receive replies before he decides which way he will\nvote. <\/li><li>No meeting is mandatory and that\nthe shareholder must cast his vote only on the basis of the information that\nhas been directed to him by post or email. It seems to be completely contrary\nto the legislative intent and essence to the express\u201d.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_process_for_Voting_by_electronic_means_to_be_followed_by_the_company\"><\/span>What is the process for Voting by electronic means to be\nfollowed by the company?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Any company which chooses to provide the facility\nto its members to work out their votes by electronic voting system\/Voting by\nElectronic means at any general meeting will follow few actions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Aptitude to its members<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Notices directed to all the auditors of the company, members, or directors or both should\nhave these following features.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Those are as\nfollows:-<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Listed\nemail id;<\/li><li>Speed post OR Registered post <\/li><li>Courier\nservice;<\/li><li>Notice\nshould be engaged on the website of the company, <\/li><li>It\nshould indicate the procedure and method for Voting by electronic means and the\ntime timetable <\/li><li>It should\nmention that the business might be managed through\nelectronic voting co-ordination <\/li><li>It\nshould publish once in a vernacular newspaper in the main vernacular dialectal<\/li><li>It should advertise to be\npublished, not less than five days\nbefore the date of commencement of the voting period.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Scrutinizer Conditional\nIssues<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Such voting period shall be finalized <strong>three days\nprior<\/strong> to the date of the general meeting in all such cases.<\/li><li>The scrutinizer so appointed may take aid of a\nperson who is <strong>not in occupation of the company<\/strong> and who is well-versed\/equipped\nwith the e-voting co-ordination. <\/li><li>As soon as the vote on a determination is cast by\nthe shareholder, he will not be allowed to modify it afterward. <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_the_Agencies_for_e-voting_Platform_Service\"><\/span>What are the Agencies for e-voting Platform Service?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"690\" height=\"501\" src=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/image-30.png\" alt=\"Agencies for e-voting Platform Service\" class=\"wp-image-10206\" srcset=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/image-30.png 690w, https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/image-30-300x218.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 690px) 100vw, 690px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Benefits of e-Voting<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"692\" height=\"702\" src=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/image-31.png\" alt=\"Benefits of e-Voting\" class=\"wp-image-10207\" srcset=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/image-31.png 692w, https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/image-31-296x300.png 296w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 692px) 100vw, 692px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Disadvantages of e-Voting<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Unintended of misuse of user Id and Password<\/li><li>Deficiency of awareness between the shareholders<\/li><li>Process of e-voting is not a substance to any kind of influence.<\/li><li>No choice is available to the shareholders to amend the casted\n     vote.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_meant_by_Mobile_Voting_concerning_e-voting\"><\/span>What is meant by Mobile Voting concerning e-voting? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Mobile Voting <\/strong>is acceptable for the parliamentary elections in some of the foreign\ncountries. SEBI\/MCA may deliberate upon including the <strong>Mobile Voting<\/strong> under the <strong>realm of<\/strong> <strong>Electronic Voting, <\/strong>as the mobile phones are now measured\nas one of the required gadgets and became a \u201cSixth finger<strong>\u201d<\/strong>\nto one and all. <\/li><li>By citing the <strong>details of\nassent or dissent <\/strong>and<strong> resolution\nsequence number<\/strong> in Mobile Voting, the shareholders may request discovery it\nvery easy to cast their vote by just conveyance a text message to the company\u2019s\n<strong>\u201cToll-free number\u201d <\/strong>from\ntheir registered <strong>mobile number<\/strong>. The company has to employ one\nscrutinizer as like e-voting, to monitor the entire mobile voting process.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_MCS_had_come_up_because_of_the_COVID-19_outbreak_concerning_E-voting_by_Electronic_means\"><\/span>What MCS had come up because of the COVID-19 outbreak\nconcerning E-voting by Electronic means?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In\nthese puzzling COVID-19 times, the question on how to compact with democracy\nduring a pandemic has been elevated by several voices. According\nto <strong>Circular No. 14\/ 2020 dated 8<sup>th<\/sup>\nApril 2020<\/strong> issued by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA), it has provided\nthe clarifications with relative <strong>passing\nof Special Resolution <\/strong>and <strong>Ordinary\nResolution<\/strong> under the Companies Act,\n2013<strong>. <\/strong>It also includes rules made thereunder on explanation&nbsp;of\nthe threat postured by <strong>COVID-19. <\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This supposed circular had delivered the <strong>time limit for adopting<\/strong> such procedure\nby the company for leading an <strong>Extra-Ordinary\nGeneral Meeting<\/strong> (EGM) and the way out which shall be adopted by the\ncompanies in case holding of an Extra-Ordinary General Meeting (EGM) which is\ninevitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>MCA has\nbeen delivered \u201c<strong>Circular No.17\/ 2020\ndated 13th April 2020<\/strong>,&#8221; which pronounces the clarifications on\nthe difficulties in \u2018<strong>serving\u2019<\/strong> and \u2018<strong>receiving notices\/ responses\u2019<\/strong> by post\nin the present circumstances.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Clarifications required for:-<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<table class=\"table table-bordered\"><tbody><tr><td>\n  <strong>Manner of Issuance of Notice<\/strong>\n  <\/td><td>\n  <strong>Postal Ballot and Passing of Items<\/strong>\n  <\/td><td>\n  <strong>Voting by Show of Hands<\/strong>\n  <\/td><td>\n  <strong>Sending E-mails-poll of items<\/strong>\n  <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Manner &amp; Mode<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Before assembling the general meeting, the manner &amp; mode of issue of\nnotices to the members is followed by the below-mentioned way.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>According to the \u201c<\/strong><strong>Circular\nNo.17\/2020 dated 13th April 2020\u201d, <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>A statement that the EGM has been convened through <strong>Other Audio-Visual Means<\/strong> or (OAVM)<strong>Video conferencing<\/strong> (VC) in agreement with appropriate provisions of\nthe Companies Act, 2013. It should be operative in parallel with \u201c<strong>General Circular No.14\/2020 dated 8th April\n2020\u2019 <\/strong>and<strong> \u201cCircular No.17\/2020 dated\n13th April 2020\u201d; <\/strong><\/li><li>Availability of notice of the meeting and the\ndate and time of the EGM through VC or OAVM and the stock exchange should be\npublished on the <strong>website of the company<\/strong>;\n<\/li><li>The <strong>manner\n&amp; mode<\/strong> in which the members who have not listed their <strong>email addresses <\/strong>with the company or who\nare allotted <strong>shares incorporeal form<\/strong>\ncan cast their vote over the e-voting system during the meeting or through\nremote e-voting; <\/li><li>The manner &amp; mode in which the members\ncan get the same registered with the company who have not itemized their email\naddresses with the company or any other details measured essential by the\ncompany.<\/li><li>Point to be noted that the Chairman of the\nmeeting shall gratify himself and <strong>reason\nto record<\/strong> the same before bearing in mind the business in the meeting. It\nshould depict all efforts feasible to enable members to contribute and vote on\nthe items being considered in the meeting under the conditions have been made\nby the company.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Email Notice\/Postal Ballot and Passing of Items <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Postal Ballot<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>The MCA has explained that <strong>Rule 22(15)<\/strong> of the Companies <strong>(Management and Administration)\nRules, 2014 <\/strong>in order to eradicate such difficulty, which provides\nthat the provisions of <strong>Rule 20<\/strong> of\nthe Companies (Management and\nAdministration) Rules, 2014 as far as applicable concerning Voting by\nelectronic means shall apply, \u2018<strong>mutatis mutandis\u2019<\/strong> in terms of the\nVoting by electronic means. <\/li><li>The requirement provided in <strong>Rule 20 of the Companies<\/strong> (Management\nand Administration) Rules, 2014, as well as the agenda, carried in the<strong> \u201cGeneral Circular No. 14\/2020 dated 8<sup>th<\/sup>\nApril 2020&#8243;<\/strong> and the<strong>\n\u201cGeneral Circular No.17\/2020 dated 13<sup>th<\/sup> April 2020&#8243;<\/strong>\nwould be pertinent to <strong>mutatis mutandis<\/strong> where the companies which are\nobligatory to provide the aptitude of e-voting under the Companies Act, 2013,\nor any other company which has chosen for such facility, while they are\nmanaging any item only by \u201c<strong>postal ballot<\/strong>\u201d\n<strong>up to \u201c30<sup>th<\/sup> June 2020\u201d<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong><\/li><li>Shareholders who have listed their email\naddress with the company or <strong>Fund depository\nparticipant<\/strong>; in that case, the company would direct notice by email to all\nits.The company shall also deliver a process of registration of\nemail addresses of members and stated in its community notice.<\/li><li>Point to be noted that the communication of\nthe \u2018<strong>assent\u2019<\/strong> or <strong>\u2018dissent\u2019<\/strong> of the members would only take place over the remote\ne-voting scheme.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Emails by members&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>To acquire clarification as to whether the\nmembers are needed to take part in the poll on items reflected during the\nmeeting by sending emails, various representations were made to the Ministry of\nCorporate Affairs in advance to the company before the assembly, which actually\nheld through \u201c<strong>VC or OAVM\u201d<\/strong> capability.<\/li><li>According to the \u201c<strong>General Circular No. 14\/ 2020, dated 8<sup>th<\/sup>\nApril 2020<\/strong> &#8211;<strong>sub-paragraph\nB \u2013 XII of para 3<\/strong>\u201d the\nMCA illuminated that it does\nnot provide for polling by members at any time prior to the general meeting.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Point to be noted that the members may take\ntheir <strong>assent or dissent<\/strong> only at such\nstage on items deemed to be in the meeting by sending <strong>emails,<\/strong> and poll will take place during the meeting the to the\nelected email address of the company, which was dispersed by the company in the\nnotice directed to the members.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Overall_Assumption\"><\/span>Overall Assumption<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>While concluding, electronic voting\/Voting by\nElectronic means aids the shareholders to cast their vote from any place and at\nany time, substitutes the Postal ballot process and avoids unnecessary time\nconsumption\/cost of the company. Role of scrutinizer will go under standard in\nthe e-voting process, as there will be no physical assembling and totaling of\nballot papers, confirmation of signatures, and refusal of invalid votes, if\nany. The main accountability is on the part of scrutinizer who must take care\nof the e-voting procedure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As a consequence, the aforementioned clarifications delivered by the MCA through the said circular will certainly ease the problems faced by the companies for \u2018<strong>passing of ordinary\u2019<\/strong> and \u2018<strong>special resolution\u2019<\/strong> of <strong>crucial nature.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>This blog titled <strong>\u201cVoting through Electronic means: 2020 COVID-19 Regimes\u201d<\/strong> which provides the bird\u2019s eye view of the \u201cGeneral Circular No.14\/2020 dated 8<sup>th<\/sup> April 2020\u201d issued by the MCA based on the General Circular No.17\/2020 dated 13<sup>th<\/sup> April 2020, more meritoriously which will assist you in understanding this article. We, at <a href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/\"><strong>Corpbiz<\/strong><\/a>, would be more than happy to guide you in the process of getting <strong>E-Voting<\/strong> or any related compliance for empowering you to tackle with ease the problems faced by the companies for \u2018<strong>passing of ordinary\u2019<\/strong> and \u2018<strong>special resolution\u2019<\/strong> of <strong>crucial nature.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"text-left\"><b>Read our article<\/b>:<mark style=\"background: #fffd03 !important;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/voting-by-show-of-hands-2020\/\">\nOverall Voting by Show of Hands: 2020 COVID-19 Regimes\n<\/a><\/mark><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Voting by Electronic means \u2018e-voting\u2019, which is a term serving several different types of Voting, implementing both electronic means of counting votes and electronic means of casting a vote. Electronic voting technology can optically scan voting systems include punched cards and DRE or specialized voting kiosks, which may include self-contained direct-recording electronic voting systems. It [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":10217,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[153],"tags":[634],"acf":{"service_id":"410"},"authorName":"Archita Bhattacharjee","authorImageUrl":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/WhatsApp-Image-2020-03-18-at-11.26.19-AM-1.jpeg","authorDescription":"Archita Bhattacharjee is working as Legal Analyst (Team Lead, Research &amp; Development) at Corpbiz and has proving experience about 2 years as Corporate Legal Researcher in law firms as well as Rajya Sabha and authors in diverse publications. She has refined her skills by representing India in Paris, France and the University of Leiden over implications of International Humanitarian and Criminal Law being certified member of many Legal Centers.","postViews":4706,"readingTime":7,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10204"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10204"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10204\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":50784,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10204\/revisions\/50784"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10217"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10204"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10204"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/corpbiz.io\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10204"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}